BALLAST中文(简体)翻译:剑桥词典
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ballast 在英语-中文(简体)词典中的翻译
ballastnoun [ U ] uk
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/ˈbæl.əst/ us
Your browser doesn't support HTML5 audio
/ˈbæl.əst/
Add to word list
Add to word list
heavy matter such as sand or stone that is used at the bottom of a ship or a hot-air balloon to make it heavier, or the small stones on which railways and roads are made
(船的)压舱物;(气球的)镇重物;(用作路基的)道砟,石碴
(ballast在剑桥英语-中文(简体)词典的翻译 © Cambridge University Press)
ballast的例句
ballast
Ballast water is stored in the fuel oil tank.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
The north masonry facade of the causeway, capped by a parapet, was significantly more formal than the southern edge of the causeway, where the ballast feathered out.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
In this, the theory goes, the condition and effectiveness of party organisations and underlying intellectual trends play a far bigger role than any historical ballast.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
No evidence of subfloor ballast was encountered.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
Like ballast, the dead weight of your loss balances, restrains, holds you to measured meter.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
The small 'a' is ballast on that keel.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
The traditionalists can even add ballast to their claims by pointing out that the operatic past is more available to us now than it ever was before.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
The extent to which recently-founded labor-populist parties depended on the new unions for "organizational ballast," then became particularly clear.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
示例中的观点不代表剑桥词典编辑、剑桥大学出版社和其许可证颁发者的观点。
C1
ballast的翻译
中文(繁体)
(船的)壓艙物, (氣球的)鎮重物, (用作路基的)道砟,石碴…
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西班牙语
lastre, contención, puntal…
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葡萄牙语
lastro…
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ballast的发音是什么?
在英语词典中查看 ballast 的释义
浏览
ball-and-socket joint
ball-tampering
ballad
ballade
ballast
ballcock
baller
ballerina
ballet
“每日一词”
token
UK
Your browser doesn't support HTML5 audio
/ˈtəʊ.kən/
US
Your browser doesn't support HTML5 audio
/ˈtoʊ.kən/
something that you do, or a thing that you give someone, that expresses your feelings or intentions, although it might have little practical effect
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March 13, 2024
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BALLAST中文(繁體)翻譯:劍橋詞典
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ballast 在英語-中文(繁體)詞典中的翻譯
ballastnoun [ U ] uk
Your browser doesn't support HTML5 audio
/ˈbæl.əst/ us
Your browser doesn't support HTML5 audio
/ˈbæl.əst/
Add to word list
Add to word list
heavy matter such as sand or stone that is used at the bottom of a ship or a hot-air balloon to make it heavier, or the small stones on which railways and roads are made
(船的)壓艙物;(氣球的)鎮重物;(用作路基的)道砟,石碴
(ballast在劍橋英語-中文(繁體)詞典的翻譯 © Cambridge University Press)
ballast的例句
ballast
In this, the theory goes, the condition and effectiveness of party organisations and underlying intellectual trends play a far bigger role than any historical ballast.
來自 Cambridge English Corpus
Another potential carrier would have been ships' ballast, especially from ships that were wrecked at the isthmus.
來自 Cambridge English Corpus
The traditionalists can even add ballast to their claims by pointing out that the operatic past is more available to us now than it ever was before.
來自 Cambridge English Corpus
The north masonry facade of the causeway, capped by a parapet, was significantly more formal than the southern edge of the causeway, where the ballast feathered out.
來自 Cambridge English Corpus
The extent to which recently-founded labor-populist parties depended on the new unions for "organizational ballast," then became particularly clear.
來自 Cambridge English Corpus
Furthermore, the fluorescent sources had conventional magnetic ballasts and therefore were subject to luminous flicker, whereas incandescent lamps do not flicker.
來自 Cambridge English Corpus
No evidence of subfloor ballast was encountered.
來自 Cambridge English Corpus
The small 'a' is ballast on that keel.
來自 Cambridge English Corpus
示例中的觀點不代表劍橋詞典編輯、劍橋大學出版社和其許可證頒發者的觀點。
C1
ballast的翻譯
中文(簡體)
(船的)压舱物, (气球的)镇重物, (用作路基的)道砟,石碴…
查看更多內容
西班牙語
lastre, contención, puntal…
查看更多內容
葡萄牙語
lastro…
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ballast的發音是什麼?
在英語詞典中查看 ballast 的釋義
瀏覽
ball-and-socket joint
ball-tampering
ballad
ballade
ballast
ballcock
baller
ballerina
ballet
「每日一詞」
token
UK
Your browser doesn't support HTML5 audio
/ˈtəʊ.kən/
US
Your browser doesn't support HTML5 audio
/ˈtoʊ.kən/
something that you do, or a thing that you give someone, that expresses your feelings or intentions, although it might have little practical effect
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Renowned and celebrated (Words meaning ‘famous’)
March 13, 2024
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新詞
inverse vaccine
March 11, 2024
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BALLAST在剑桥英语词典中的解释及翻译
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ballast 在英语中的意思
ballastnoun [ U ] uk
Your browser doesn't support HTML5 audio
/ˈbæl.əst/ us
Your browser doesn't support HTML5 audio
/ˈbæl.əst/
Add to word list
Add to word list
heavy matter such as sand, stone, or water that is used at the bottom of a ship or a hot-air balloon to make it heavier, or the small stones on which railways and roads are made: The weed may have been accidentally imported in soil used as ship ballast. A ship sailing with an empty hold will have filled its ballast tanks at its source port.
something that helps someone or something to succeed, especially by keeping them or it under control, or making them or it more serious: He needed his platoon mates around him. They were his ballast. The team is struggling because of a shortage of the ballast that senior players provide.
更多范例减少例句The boat had 35 tons of cement block ballast that caused it to ride lower in the water. Zebra mussels are believed to have come to the United States in ballast water dumped by ships from Europe.On discharging part of the ballast, the balloon ascended to the height of 200 yards. The huge Christmas tree is held down by two tons of ballast.They have failed to repair broken and cracked rails and failed to replace sleepers and stone ballast. His deep voice added some needed ballast to this soprano-heavy score.
“SMART 词汇”:相关单词和短语
Mass, area, weight & volume in general
A2
A3
A4
A5
area
dead weight
displacement
expansivity
heft
legal
letter
mass
non-dimensional
specific gravity
tare
volume
volumetric
weight
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你还可以在这些话题中找到相关的词、词组和同义词:
Railways & railway lines
Parts of ships & boats
Limiting and restricting
习语
in ballast
(ballast在剑桥高级学习词典和同义词词典中的解释 © Cambridge University Press)
ballast的例句
ballast
Another potential carrier would have been ships' ballast, especially from ships that were wrecked at the isthmus.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
Furthermore, the fluorescent sources had conventional magnetic ballasts and therefore were subject to luminous flicker, whereas incandescent lamps do not flicker.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
Suppose a surveyor is surveying a 2000 tonne cargo ship and discovers that ballast water is being stored in a fuel oil tank.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
It also has floats and lead ballast units to maintain the stability of the structure.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
The extent to which recently-founded labor-populist parties depended on the new unions for "organizational ballast," then became particularly clear.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
Like ballast, the dead weight of your loss balances, restrains, holds you to measured meter.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
In this, the theory goes, the condition and effectiveness of party organisations and underlying intellectual trends play a far bigger role than any historical ballast.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
She also took in a few tons of graphite as ballast after having unloaded her main cargo.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
However, since there was no wharf, jetty or landing beach, ballast from wrecked vessels would most likely have been dumped in seawater.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
A device called a ballast performs this function.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
The way the authors deal with difficult material is not to break it up so that readers can make sense of it, but to weigh it down with academic ballast.
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The north masonry facade of the causeway, capped by a parapet, was significantly more formal than the southern edge of the causeway, where the ballast feathered out.
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No evidence of subfloor ballast was encountered.
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Ballast water is stored in the fuel oil tank.
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This constraint specifies that the mass of the yacht, before adding any ballast, must be less than or equal to the mass of the water that it displaces.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
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ballast的发音是什么?
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ballast的翻译
中文(繁体)
(船的)壓艙物, (氣球的)鎮重物, (用作路基的)道砟,石碴…
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中文(简体)
(船的)压舱物, (气球的)镇重物, (用作路基的)道砟,石碴…
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西班牙语
lastre, contención, puntal…
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lastro…
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something that you do, or a thing that you give someone, that expresses your feelings or intentions, although it might have little practical effect
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欧路词典|英汉-汉英词典 ballast是什么意思_ballast的中文解释和发音_ballast的翻译_ballast怎么读
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n. 舱物,载物;道渣,碎石vt. …舱物;…铺道渣时 态: ballasted, ballasting, ballasts
近义、反义、联想词
近义词n. substance, matter, gravel, crushed rock, attribute, resistor, resistancev. brace, steady, stabilize, stabilise联想词keel…龙骨;hull船体;rudder飞机方向舵;boat小船;barge驳船;bulb电灯泡;winch卷扬机,绞车,辘轳;mooring下锚;bulbs灯泡;cargo货物,船货;seawater海水;
词组 | 习惯用语
electronic ballast 电子镇流器;电子安定器ballast water 载水;舱水;舱配重水in ballast 舱货;底货ballast tank 载舱;潜水艇沉浮箱;载箱;舱柜water ballast 舱水,载水;水载water ballast tank 载水舱ballast bed 道床;道碴床;碎石道床;道碴路基
英语例句库
the ballast was cleaned ready for reuse.舱物被清洗干净,以备。You may deballast the clean ballast water into the sea.文:你可以向海里排清洁载水。He has got no ballast whatever. 他这个人一点也不沉着。the ballast is suspended from its nether end.沙囊倒悬着。We can trust that company; the partners are in ballast all right. 我们可以信任那家公司,其合伙人都很可靠。Characteristic:Good in photo chromism,neediless to use additional ballast and used as a ssubsti tute for incandescent bulb.特点:高效节能、寿命长、显色性好光源性好,照明效果佳。1.The road lamp explosion-proof lamp,lamp pole,base.Inside the base,junctionbox or special ballast of road lamp is installed.1、马路灯由防爆灯、灯杆、基座三部分组成,基座内接线箱或路灯专镇流器。1、马路灯由防爆灯、灯杆、基座三部分组成,基座内接线箱或路灯专镇流器。1.The road lamp explosion-proof lamp,lamp pole,base.Inside the base,junctionbox or special ballast of road lamp is installed.Customized ballasts, stable in performance, reliable and durable, make lighting free from stroboflash and save the trouble of frequent replacement.定制镇流器性能稳定,使灯光无频闪,并且安全可靠,使时间长,省却更换烦恼。声明:以上例句、词性分类均由互联网资源自动生成,部分未经过人工审核,其表达内容亦不代表本软件的观点;若发现问题,欢迎向我们指正。显示所有包含 ballast 的英语例句
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ballast - WordReference.com 英汉词典
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UK:*UK and possibly other pronunciationsUK and possibly other pronunciations/ˈbæləst/US:USA pronunciation: IPA and respellingUSA pronunciation: IPA/ˈbæləst/ ,USA pronunciation: respelling(bal′əst)
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WordReference English-Chinese Dictionary © 2024:主要翻译英语中文
ballast n (weight used to stabilize ship)SCSimplified Chinese 压舱物 yā cāng wù TCTraditional Chinese 壓艙物
That ship uses gravel as a ballast.
ballast [sth]⇒ vtr (ship: stabilize)SCSimplified Chinese 给...装压舱物 gěi ... zhuāng yā cāng wù
Part of the crew is responsible for ballasting the ship.
部分船员负责给船装压舱物。
ballast n uncountable (foundation for road, railway, etc.) (道路建设)SCSimplified Chinese 道砟
The gravel ballast has been laid, but the train tracks have not been installed yet.
ballast n figurative, uncountable ([sth] providing weight)SCSimplified Chinese 供重物 TCTraditional Chinese 鎮重物
SCSimplified Chinese 镇重物
Nancy's steady income and and motherly attitude was a ballast for the whole family.
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其他翻译英语中文
ballast n ([sth] that maintains circuit current) (电学)SCSimplified Chinese 镇流器 TCTraditional Chinese 鎮流器
The electrician installed a ballast to limit the current in the circuit.
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在单词列表中: Nautical terms, 更多……同义词: sandbags, counterbalance, counterweight, weight, stabilizer, 更多……习惯性搭配: the [ship's, barge's] ballast, the ballast of the [ship], the [vessel, ship] discharged its ballast, 更多……
标题中含有单词 'ballast' 的论坛讨论:未在Chinese论坛中找到有关“ballast”的讨论a ballast in the figurative sense - English Only forum
ballast to stabilize her clearly genuine preoccupation ... - English Only forum
ditch some ballast - English Only forum
He has got no ballast whatever. - English Only forum
It is preferable for applying the protective...ballast tank? - English Only forum
topographical ballast or padding? - English Only forum
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ballast是什么意思_ballast怎么读_ballast翻译_用法_发音_词组_同反义词_压舱物_压载物-新东方在线英语词典
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首页 > 英语词典 > 字母单词表 > b开头的单词 > ballast
ballast
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英 [ˈbæləst]
美 [ˈbæləst]
是什么意思
n.压舱物,压载物;道渣,碎石;镇流器;沉着vt.给某物装上压舱物;给…铺道渣;使稳定;使沉着
变形
复数:ballasts过去式:ballasted过去分词:ballasted现在分词:ballasting第三人称单数:ballasts
英英释义
ballast[ 'bæləst ]n.any heavy material used to stabilize a ship or airshipcoarse gravel laid to form a bed for streets and railroadsan attribute that tends to give stability in character and morals; something that steadies the mind or feelingsa resistor inserted into a circuit to compensate for changes (as those arising from temperature fluctuations)同义词:ballast resistorbarretteran electrical device for starting and regulating fluorescent and discharge lamps同义词:light ballastv.make steady with a ballast
学习怎么用
词组短语
electronic ballast电子镇流器;电子安定器ballast water压载水;压舱水;压舱配重水in ballast压舱货;底货ballast tank压载舱;潜水艇沉浮箱;压载箱;压舱柜water ballast压舱水,压载水;水压载water ballast tank压载水舱ballast bed道床;道碴床;碎石道床;道碴路基 更多收起词组短语
双语例句
用作名词(n.)If not ventilated properly, their ballast circuitry can get fried enough to fail.如果通风不畅,压载物的线路板会如同被煎过似的坏掉。The ship was furnished with ballast.船上装了压舱物。So are the motions of a little vessel without ballast tossed about on a stormy sea.在惊涛骇浪的大海上,一只没有压舱物的小船就是这样颠颠簸簸。The starting time is the time the ballast needs to light and stabilise the lamp.镇流器使灯启动并使其稳定工作所需的时间。
权威例句
BALLASTBeyond ballast water: aquarium and ornamental trades as sources of invasive species in aquatic ecosystemsDesign of a two-stage low-frequency square-wave electronic ballast for HID lampsGlobal hot spots of biological invasions: evaluating options for ballast-water management.International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments (BWM)International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments, 2004Transoceanic and interoceanic dispersal of coastal marine organisms : The biology of ballast waterAssociation of sinking organic matter with various types of mineral ballast in the deep sea: Implications for the rain ratioTransport of diatom and dinoflagellate resting spores in ships' ballast water: implications for plankton biogeography and aquacultureA new, mechanistic model for organic carbon fluxes in the ocean based on the quantitative association of POC with ballast minerals
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Ballast - Wikipedia
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Ballast
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Material that is used to provide stability to a vehicle or structure
For other uses, see Ballast (disambiguation).
Cross section of a vessel with a single ballast tank at the bottom
Ballast is dense material used as a weight to provide stability to a vehicle or structure. Ballast, other than cargo, may be placed in a vehicle, often a ship or the gondola of a balloon or airship, to provide stability. A compartment within a boat, ship, submarine, or other floating structure that holds water is called a ballast tank. Water should move in and out from the ballast tank to balance the ship. In a vessel that travels on the water, the ballast will remain below the water level, to counteract the effects of weight above the water level.[1] The ballast may be redistributed in the vessel or disposed of altogether to change its effects on the movement of the vessel.
History[edit]
The basic concept behind the ballast tank can be seen in many forms of aquatic life, such as the blowfish or members of the argonaut group of octopus.[2] The concept has been invented and reinvented many times by humans to serve a variety of purposes.
In the fifteenth and sixteenth century, the ballast "did not consist entirely of leakage, but of urine, vomit, and various foul food leavings that lazy sailors discharged into the ballast contrary to orders, in the belief that the pumps would take care of it."[3] In the nineteenth century, cargo boats returning from Europe to North America would carry quarried stone as ballast, contributing to the architectural heritage of some east coast cities (for example Montreal), where this stone was used in building.
During World War 2 ships returning from Great Britain to the United States used rubble as ballast.[citation needed] The ballast would be dumped in New York and used for construction projects such as FDR Drive and an outcrop colloquially named Bristol Basin since it was made from rubble from bombed-out Bristol.[citation needed]
Uses[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
One of the functions of a yacht's keel is to provide ballast.
Ballast takes many forms, for example:
Sailing ballast, or ship's ballast, used to lower the centre of gravity of a ship to increase stability
Ballast tank, a device used on ships and submarines and other submersibles to control buoyancy and stability
Ballast (car racing), metallic plates used to bring auto racing vehicles up to the minimum mandated weight
in underwater diving, a diver weighting system is blocks of heavy material, usually lead, used to compensate for excess buoyancy of the diver and their equipment.
in gliding, weights added to maximise the average speed in cross-country competition, especially when thermal convection is strong
in a balloon, as part of a buoyancy compensator
Sailing ballast is used in sailboats to provide moment to resist the lateral forces on the sail. Insufficiently ballasted boats will tend to tip, or heel, excessively in high winds. Too much heel may result in the boat capsizing. If a sailing vessel should need to voyage without cargo then ballast of little or no value would be loaded to keep the vessel upright. Some or all of this ballast would then be discarded when cargo was loaded.
Ballast weight is also added to a race car to alter its performance. In most racing series, cars have a minimum allowable weight. Often, the actual weight of the car is lower, so ballast is used to bring it up to the minimum. The advantage is that the ballast can be positioned to affect the car's handling by changing its load distribution. This is near-universal in Formula 1. It is also common in other racing series that ballast may only be located in certain positions on the car. In some racing series, for example the British Touring Car Championship, ballast is used as a handicap, the leading drivers at the end of one race being given more ballast for the next race.
Ballast may also be carried aboard an aircraft. For example, in gliding it may be used to increase speed and/or adjust the aircraft's center of gravity, or in a balloon as a buoyancy compensator.
References[edit]
^ Edward Spon, Oliver Byrne, Ernest Spon, Francis N. Spon, Spons' dictionary of engineering, civil, mechanical, military, and Naval, Volume 2 (1874), p. 1205.
^ Discovery Blog: Scientists solve millennia-old mystery about the argonaut octopus
^ Morison, Samuel Eliot (1971). The European Discovery of America. U.S.A.: Oxford University Press. p. 135. LCCN 71-129637.
Sources[edit]
Solomon, Brian (2001). Railway Maintenance Equipment: The Men and Machines that Keep the Railroads Running. MBI Publishing Company. ISBN 0-7603-0975-2.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ballast&oldid=1193449758"
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鎮流器 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
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1為什麼需要镇流器
2电感式镇流器
开关电感式镇流器子章节
2.1優點
2.2缺點
3電子式镇流器
开关電子式镇流器子章节
3.1種類
4选购
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安定器,是指為了克服氣體放電型電光源的負阻特性,使之能夠正常工作而加入的配套使用的電器設備。傳統的镇流器一般是一個由漆包線和由矽鋼片組成的鐵芯繞製而成的電感,並且常常還需要與一個啟動器配套使用。傳統電感式镇流器的一些缺點使它正在被日益發展成熟的電子安定器(Electronic Ballast)所取代。
為什麼需要镇流器[编辑]
氣體放電型電光源包括螢光燈、金屬鹵化燈、高壓鈉燈及高壓水銀燈等等。它們都是通過高壓或低壓氣體的放電來發光的。由於發光效率高,因此是目前應用最為廣泛的電光源。
但是氣體放電型電光源由於其放電機制,使其在正常工作區往往具有負電阻特性:即隨著電流的增加,電壓反而減小;反之亦然。因此如果將氣體放電燈直接接到電壓源,將會因電流迅速增大到超過極限而燒燬,因此必須使用安定器串聯在電路中對其電流進行限制。
电感式镇流器[编辑]
又称電感安定器,是指採用傳統鋼片線圈組成而驅動電光源,使之產生所需照明的電子設備。
優點[编辑]
几乎无寿命问题。
由傳統鋼片線圈組成不易損壞。
缺點[编辑]
無法調整光線輸出。
低工作頻率,視力敏感的人會感到燈光嚴重閃爍。
換裝工時長,安全性低。
功率因數较低。
需加启辉器(其价格低廉),起動閃爍。
使用時可能有微小噪音。
電子式镇流器[编辑]
节能灯的電子鎮流器
電子式安定器電路圖
又称電子安定器(Electronic ballast),是指採用電子技術驅動電光源,使之產生所需照明的電子設備。现代日光灯越来越多的使用电子镇流器,轻便小巧,甚至可以将电子镇流器与灯管等集成在一起,同时,电子镇流器通常可以兼具啟動器功能,故此又可省去单独的啟動器。
电子镇流器还可以具有更多功能,比如可以通过提高电流频率或者电流波形(如变成方波)改善或消除日光灯的闪烁现象;也可通过电源逆变过程使得日光灯可以使用直流电源。
電子式镇流器的功率因数高,通常25W以上的荧光灯,其功率因数高于0.95;25W以下的荧光灯,其功率因数于0.7~0.8。耗能低,發熱量小可減少电路負荷及耗電。噪音低,高品质电子镇流器噪音可达35db以下,人感觉不到。预热灯管后一次起点成功,避免了多次起点,延长灯管寿命。瞬間起動不致閃爍,免用启辉器。发光更稳定,有利于提高视觉分辨率,提高功效,降低连续作业的视觉疲劳,有利于保护视力。在电源、电压偏差很大时,仍能保持光源恒定功率,稳定光照度,有利于节能。
需要注意的是,只有设计优良的电子镇流器才能发挥以上各种优点。虽然都是电子镇流器,用于金卤灯的电子镇流器要比用于荧光灯的复杂很多,或者说几乎完全不一样。如果设计或制造工艺不到位,一个非常小的疏漏,都会造成故障。設計及用料不佳的电子镇流器壽命反而比傳統镇流器差。
種類[编辑]
此章節尚無參考來源,內容或許無法查證。 (2013年10月21日)
一般市面電子镇流器分有多種:
瞬時啟動無預熱型電子镇流器:
瞬時啟動無預熱型電子镇流器,點燈時燈管瞬時啟動,但因燈管端的燈絲承受突來的啟動大電壓,不用多久燈管燈絲極容易斷掉,燈管壽命較短。據測試,以25秒熄35秒亮,點滅次數約只達2000次~3000次。
預熱型啟動電子镇流器:
預熱型啟動電子镇流器,電路設計緩時啟動,點燈時燈管約1-2秒時才亮起,燈管端燈絲只承受慢慢升壓的啟動電壓,燈管燈絲不容易斷掉,燈管較耐久。據測試,以25秒熄35秒亮,點滅次數可高達15000次以上。
高效率電子镇流器:
一般電子式的都統稱為高效率,因電子式為高頻,功率因数比傳統式更好。
选购[编辑]
用料差的電感安定器发热量大,耗电大。而用料差的電子安定器使荧光管寿命大减(容易使用户以为单是荧光管品质问题),买低端对用户来说反也是不划算的,而且多废弃荧光管增加环境污染。
对于不熟悉电子产品的用户電感安定器选购最简单(但不准确)的方法就是感觉重量。電子安定器也可用此方法,但其重量差别较電感安定器小,建议電子安定器同时看品牌选购。
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气体放電燈
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氘弧燈(英语:Deuterium arc lamp)
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高強度氣體放電燈 HID
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陶瓷金屬鹵化物燈(英语:Ceramic metal-halide lamp)
HMI燈(英语:Hydrargyrum medium-arc iodide lamp)
水银石英碘化灯(英语:Hydrargyrum quartz iodide) HQI
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導光管(英语:Light tube)
夜燈
吊燈
崁燈(英语:Recessed light)
壁燈(英语:Sconce (light fixture))
街燈
落地灯(英语:Torchère)
軌道燈(英语:Track lighting)
平板燈(英语:Troffer)
移动式
自行車燈(英语:Bicycle lighting)
手電筒
戰術燈
動力燈
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前照燈
頭戴式(英语:Headlamp (outdoor))
灯笼
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航行燈
探照灯
太阳能灯(英语:Solar lamp)
汽车灯
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逆反射器(英语:Retroreflector)
剎車燈
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方向指示器(英语:Trafficators)
裝飾(英语:Holiday lighting technology)
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黑光灯
泡泡燈(英语:Bubble light)
聖誕燈
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DJ燈(英语:DJ lighting)
电致发光纤维线(英语:Electroluminescent wire)
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遮簷(英语:Marquee (structure))
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舞台燈片(英语:Gobo (lighting))
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產業、科學
殺菌燈
植物生長燈
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頻閃觀測器
曬黑燈
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汽車燈泡類型(英语:List of automotive light bulb types)
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ballast
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ballast 名词—压载 名 ()
道碴 名 ()
惰气 名 ()
ballast —压舱 ()
例子:electrical ballast—镇流器
ballast water 名 —压舱水 名
·
压载水 名
(railway) ballast—道碴
查看其他译文 © Linguee 词典, 2024
▾外部资源(未审查的)
The use of ballast elements or dropper chains suspended from the footrope to hold the trawl near to, but not in contact with, the bottom offers potential in some [...]
[...]
fisheries to reduce sea bed contact while maintaining catching efficiency.
fao.org
fao.org
使拖网 靠近底层但不触底的压 载物的使用或底纲悬浮坠链在一些渔业中减少了与海床接触的可能性,同时保持捕捞效率。 fao.org
fao.org
A public-private sector partnership, the
[...]
Global Industry Alliance for Marine Biosecurity, will accelerate innovative solutions to
[...]
help address ballast water issues. daccess-ods.un.org
daccess-ods.un.org
全球海洋
[...]
生物安全业界联盟作为公共部门-私营部门伙伴关系,将促进制订创新解决方案, 帮助解决压载水问题。 daccess-ods.un.org
daccess-ods.un.org
The effective gas ballast feature, with its high-flow gas ballast, supplies high [...]
vapor compatibility for water and solvents.
vacuubrand.com
vacuubrand.com
有效的气镇性能,因其 大流量的气镇设计,可以耐受更多的水 蒸气和溶剂蒸汽。 vacuubrand.com
vacuubrand.com
The zebra mussel was first found in Lake St. Clair after having been introduced through the dumping of European ballast water in the Great Lakes. unesdoc.unesco.org
unesdoc.unesco.org
深海模拟工作者和沿岸模拟工作者,如能在 建立和开发沿岸观测系统的早期阶段就开始合作,这将是明智之举。 unesdoc.unesco.org
unesdoc.unesco.org
The most significant change in the organization is the
[...]
[...]
strengthening of its international wing through the communication and public awareness assignment of the Global Ballast Water Management Project of the IMO and UNDP. daccess-ods.un.org
daccess-ods.un.org
该组织最重要的变化是通过海事组织和开发计划署的全 球 压载水 管理 项目 的传播和宣传任务,使其国际影响力得到增强。 daccess-ods.un.org
daccess-ods.un.org
Assistance has focused on the ratification, implementation and enforcement of the following conventions: the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (1973), as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto, and related rules, standards, guidelines and recommendations of the Marine Environment Protection Committee; the International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Cooperation (1990) and its Protocol on Preparedness, Response and Cooperation to Pollution Incidents by Hazardous and Noxious Substances (2000); the International Convention on the Control of Harmful Anti-fouling Systems on
[...]
Ships (2001); and the International Convention on the Control and
[...]
Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments (2004). daccess-ods.un.org
daccess-ods.un.org
援助活动侧重于批准、执 行和实施经 1978 年议定书修订的《国际防止船舶造成污染公约》(1973 年)和海
[...]
洋环境保护委员会的相关规则、标准、指导方针和建议;《国际油污防备、反应 和合作公约》(1990 年)及其《对危险和有毒物质污染事故防备、反应和合作的议 定书》(2000
[...]
年);《控制船舶有害防污系统国际公约》(2001 年)和《控制和管理 船只压载水和沉积物国际公约》(2004 年)。 daccess-ods.un.org
daccess-ods.un.org
Although EELBs will perform better in reduction
[...]
of electricity consumption, those powered
[...]
by electronic ballast are more damaging [...]
to the environment due to the existence of toxic components.
procommons.org.hk
procommons.org.hk
慳電膽能有效減少電力消耗,可是內置電 子 鎮 流 器的 慳電 膽(簡稱電子式 慳電膽)含有水銀及有毒電子零件,會毒害周遭環境及人類健康。 procommons.org.hk
procommons.org.hk
Today, it is estimated that 80,000 vessels carry 12 billion tons of ballast water yearly holding the potential to carry in excess of 4,500 different species. unesdoc.unesco.org
unesdoc.unesco.org
正如上文所述,海洋科学界正朝耦合模式发展,例如陆架和深海模式、陆架和大气 模式、水特征和有害藻华模式等。 unesdoc.unesco.org
unesdoc.unesco.org
The contacts switch ballast (fluorescent or HID), [...]
tungsten, and general use loads.
ab.rockwellautomation.com
ab.rockwellautomation.com
这些接触器用于切换镇流器(荧光灯或 HID)、钨灯和通用负载。 ab.rockwellautomation.com
ab.rockwellautomation.com
To oversee the fulfillment of Hong Kong’s obligations in relation to international agreements relevant to water quality, such as those covering the control of toxic substances and persistent organic pollutants, the application and removal of anti-foulants,
[...]
the control of the treatment and discharge of
[...]
contaminated ballast water, and the [...]
disposal of wastes at sea, and oversee policy
[...]
in relation to Hong Kong’s participation in such agreements.
legco.gov.hk
legco.gov.hk
監察本港履行與水質相關的國際協議的責任,例如關於管制有毒
[...]
物質和不易分解的有機污染物、使用與清理抗污劑、管制受污染 壓艙配重水的處 理和排放,以及在海上處置廢物的國際協議,並 [...]
監察有關本港簽訂這些協議的政策。
legco.gov.hk
legco.gov.hk
The ballast also has to be transported [...]
by electrical blowers, through oversized ducting and burners in long furnaces and
[...]
flue gas systems that are much larger in size than with using only oxygen.
linde-gas.com
linde-gas.com
惰气还须由电气风箱输送 ,通过特大型管道和长炉燃烧器以及烟气系统,这比只使用氧气的规模大得多。 linde-gas.com.cn
linde-gas.com.cn
Disposal from a vessel of cooling
[...]
water and of ballast water, tank washings or other residues resulting from tank cleaning or tank ballasting after carriage [...]
of a substance other
[...]
than a substance deposited or incinerated under a permit.
legco.gov.hk
legco.gov.hk
從船隻排放冷卻用水及壓艙用水,或 在船隻 裝 載物質( 依照 許可證存放或焚化的物質除外)後, 從該船隻排放為艙櫃進行清潔或通渣所產生的廢水或其他渣滓。 legco.gov.hk
legco.gov.hk
The vertical integration of the
[...]
induction lamp whole
[...]
industrial chain makes it possible to research and develop the core part ballast, PCB, bubble and tube, illuminant to lamps specialized for induction lamps: [...]
from a tiny wire
[...]
part to the whole production line, everything will be fixedly controlled by the automatic regulation and quality system and within Hongyuan.
en.lvd.cc
en.lvd.cc
无极灯全产业链的垂直整合意味着,包括核心器件 镇 流器 、PCB、泡壳明管、光源到无极灯专用灯具的研发制造,小到一根电线到元器件,大到整 条流水 线的 生产,所有都由宏源内部的自控体系及质量体系所牢牢把控,完整的全产业链式生产将各个生产环节始终控制在自 己手中。 cn.lvd.cc
cn.lvd.cc
A ballast serves two purposes. [...]
One, it provides enough voltage to break down the rare gas contained in the lamp, and two,
[...]
it limits the current flow through the lamp.
light-sources.com
light-sources.com
镇流器的基本 作用有两个:一是提供足够的电压打破灯内的稀有气体,二是限制通过灯管的电流。 light-sources.com
light-sources.com
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) provided training courses on marine pollution prevention and protection of the marine environment, workshops on the International Convention for the
[...]
Prevention of
[...]
Pollution from Ships, ballast water management, oil spill issues and the handling of dangerous goods, a training workshop on the safety of maritime transport, and advisory missions to prepare a draft legislative bill and a draft national strategy for ballast water management [...]
in various African countries.
daccess-ods.un.org
daccess-ods.un.org
国际海事组织(海事组织)提供了关于防止海洋污染和保护海洋环境的训练 课程,关于国际防止船舶造成污 染公约 、压 载水 管 理、 漏油问题和危险货物处理 的讲习班,关于海洋运输安全的训练讲习班,并派出咨询团到各个非洲国家去编 写压载水管理立法 草案和国家战略草稿。 daccess-ods.un.org
daccess-ods.un.org
They are designed to
[...]
use internal ballast that causes them [...]
to dive and surface in an undulating fashion.
daccess-ods.un.org
daccess-ods.un.org
其设计利用了内压舱,可 以使其呈波动起伏状潜水和浮出水面。 daccess-ods.un.org
daccess-ods.un.org
IMO helped develop the International Convention for the Control and
[...]
Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments29 [...]
which was adopted in 2004.
daccess-ods.un.org
daccess-ods.un.org
海事组织帮助拟订了《控制和管理船只 压载水 和沉 积物国际公约》,29于 2004 [...]
年获得通过。
daccess-ods.un.org
daccess-ods.un.org
Pteropods play important roles in Antarctic food webs, feeding many organisms, including fish; they help create a long term storage of atmospheric carbon to the deep ocean on their death through their shells acting as a ballast to carry organic carbon of the dead animals to the ocean floor. medsea-project.eu
medsea-project.eu
翼足类在南极的食物链中 发挥着很重要的作用,包括鱼类在内的许多生 物以它们为食。有孔虫和翼足类均可将大气中 的碳长期储存到深海,直接的途径是它们死后 碳酸钙的外壳落入深海,间接的途径是它们的 外壳可以作为压舱物将其它动物尸体中的有机 碳带到海底。 medsea-project.eu
medsea-project.eu
Increased ballast (such as board covers and/or additional mechanical fastening) may be necessary at [...]
the edges and corners.
lucobit.de
lucobit.de
我们推荐用塑料或不锈钢(或塑料涂层的阴沟和地下管 道)制造的地下管。 lucobit.de
lucobit.de
A ballast chain and top wire provide a high tensile strength. desmi.com
desmi.com
压载 链和顶部绳索提高了AF拖网型围油栏抗拉强度。 desmi.com
desmi.com
For instance, there are designs with
[...]
either in-situ casted or prefabricated concrete slabs as well as combinations
[...]
of the two, both with and without ballast beds. getzner.com
getzner.com
例如,现场浇筑或预制混凝土板,或者
[...]
二者组合设计的质量弹簧系统,并且现 场浇注或者预制混凝土板质量弹簧系统 又分为带有砟道床和不带有砟道床两种 样式。 getzner.com
getzner.com
Red shark is a dynamic-diving
[...]
submarine, without ballast tank system. arkmodel.com
arkmodel.com
红鲨潜艇是一艘动态下潜的模型潜艇 ,无压 载水 舱系统。 arkmodel.com
arkmodel.com
For example, in the US, there are energy-efficiency standards for many electrical appliances and equipments such as refrigerators, household air-conditioners, central air-conditioning and heating pumps, stoves and boilers, water heaters, direct-fired heaters, washing machines,
[...]
drying machines, dishwashers, cooking ranges and ovens, swimming
[...]
pool heaters, ballast of fluorescent [...]
lamps, TV sets, fluorescent lamps, electric motors, transformers
[...]
and Human Interface Devices (HID).
switch-china-sme.eu
switch-china-sme.eu
以美国为例,其能效标准涉及电冰箱、雪柜、家用空调、中央空调和热泵、
[...]
炉子和锅炉、热水器、直燃型取暖器、洗衣机、干衣机、洗碗机、炉灶和烤炉、 泳池加热器、荧光灯镇流器、电 视、荧光灯、白炽灯、电机、变压器、高强度气 [...]
体放电灯(HID)等众多电器和设备。
switch-china-sme.eu
switch-china-sme.eu
Current matching
[...]
in each string is achieved without the need of ballast resistors. digikey.ca
digikey.ca
无需镇流器电阻器即可 实现每个灯串的电流匹配。 digikey.cn
digikey.cn
optimized vacuum
[...]
even with gas ballast for continuous purge vacuubrand.com
vacuubrand.com
使用气镇持续吹扫时 仍能达到很好的极限真空 vacuubrand.com
vacuubrand.com
In early 2000, Shanghai Hongyuan predicted the development prospect and direction of the lighting industry, invested hundreds of millions of research fund in combined with micro-electronics
[...]
and lighting source technologies,
[...]
and successfully applied integrated circuit technology and magnetic induction skill into ballast especially for magnetic induction lamps in the lighting field, inventing the induction lamp. en.lvd.cc
en.lvd.cc
早在2000年,上海宏源以敏锐的市场洞察力和宏观谋略的长远布局,意识到集成电路的照明产品将开创性的引 领绿色照明的发展,宏源集中微电子、电光源等方面的高科技人才,成立高新技术研发中心,并先后投入了上亿元 的科研经费专项致 力 于无极灯 的研 发与应用,在攻克了多项技术难题、有效突破关键性技术瓶颈之后,终于在全球范围内首次实现了将 集 成电路技 术、 磁感应技术稳定应用于照明领域,成功发明了无极灯。 cn.lvd.cc
cn.lvd.cc
Self-ballast flourescent lamp This rule is applicable for use, archival filing and announcement of energy labelling of self-ballast fluorescent lamps [...]
integrating starting
[...]
control and stabilizing ignition point used in household and similar occasions, with screw socket or bayonet cap, using AC power with a rated voltage of 220V and 50Hz frequency, and whose nominal power is 5W-60W.
switch-china-sme.eu
switch-china-sme.eu
5 《自镇流荧光灯能 源效率标识实施规 则》 本规则适用于额定电压 220V、频率 50Hz 交流电源, 标 称功率为 5W-60W,采用螺口灯头或卡口灯头, 在家庭和类似场合普通照明用的,把控制启动和 稳定燃点部件集成一体的自镇流荧光灯能源效率 标识的使用、备案和公告。 switch-china-sme.eu
switch-china-sme.eu
Relying on years of design experience in small oil tanker and chemical tanker and within the framework of IMO SOLAS & MARPOL
[...]
73/78, XED has successfully developed and
[...]
innovated ” Non Ballast Seawater Oil Tanker”(abbr. [...]
NOBS Oil Tanker) in the year
[...]
2008-2010, targeting at oil transportation at sea.
en.xed.com.cn:80
en.xed.com.cn:80
协尔达公司在2008-2010年间,依靠自身多年在小型油船、化学品船设计积累的经验,在IMO SOLAS及MARPOL
[...]
73/78的框架下,历时三年时间,率先专门针对海上石油运输市场,自主创新研发 出 “无海水 压载 油船”(简写“NOBS油船”)。 xed.com.cn:80
xed.com.cn:80
is a three-person submersible
[...]
designed to dive to 7,000 metres, equipped with a full suite of scientific sensors in addition to assorted subsystems, including manipulators, cameras, navigation systems, lighting, life support, communications, ballast and structure. daccess-ods.un.org
daccess-ods.un.org
和谐 7 000 型是一个可潜至 7 000 米的三 人深潜器,配有一整套科研传感器,还有各种子系统,包括机械手、照相机、导 航系统、照明设备、生命维持系统、通信、压舱物和装置。 daccess-ods.un.org
daccess-ods.un.org
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HOME > Products & Services > Statutory Services > Ballast Water Management Convention
Ballast Water Management Convention
Introduction to Ballast Water Management Convention
International Ballast Water Management Certificate
Due date for Implementation installing Ballast Water Management System
Sampling and analysis at the Commissioning test
Information of Ballast Water Management Convention
Attentions for operating Ballast Water Management System
Introduction to Ballast Water Management Convention
According to IMO estimates, ships carry some 3 billion tons to 5 billion tons of ballast water globally each year. “The International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments, 2004” (Ballast Water Management Convention) was adopted in 2004 with the aim of protecting the marine environment from the transfer of harmful aquatic organisms in ballast water carried by ships. And, the BWM Convention entered into force on 8 September 2017.
The latest information of ratification status of the Convention can be accessed through "Recent ratifications" in IMO Homepage: IMO / English / About IMO / Conventions / Status of Conventions that allows downloading datasheet of each country.
Ballast water management for ships need to be made in accordance with the following Standards under this Convention.
(1) Ballast water performance standard (Regulation D-2)
(2) Ballast water exchange standard (Regulation D-1)
Finally, ships shall conduct primary method that Harmful Aquatic Organisms and Pathogens in ballast water are treated with approved Ballast Water Management System (BWMS).
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International Ballast Water Management Certificate (IBWMC)
All ships of 400 gross tonnage and above to which the BWM Convention applies (including existing ships, except floating platform, FSUs and FPSOs) are required to carry International Ballast Water Management Certificate.
The below documents are to be kept on board not only ships applied with Regulation D-2 (ballast water performance standard) but also those with only Regulation D-1 (ballast water exchange standard).
(1) International Ballast Water Management Certificate (IBWMC)
(2) Approved Ballast Water Management Plan (BWMP)
(3) Ballast Water Record Book (BWRB)
ClassNK carries out initial survey to confirm that required documents and equipment are provided onboard, and issue the certificate (IBWMC) on behalf of some flag Administration. Also, prior to the initial survey, it is necessary that the onboard documents and revised drawing be approved; please submit them to ClassNK Machinery Department beforehand. For more details about the abovementioned plans, please refer to ClassNK Technical Information No. TEC-1086. With regard to the survey application, please submit it to our site office in charge of the onboard survey.
TEC-1086
Where a ship, which operates only in waters under jurisdiction of a single Party with their permission not to comply with the Convention, operates outside of the area of waters as defined on a single voyage (e.g. for a dry-dock etc.), an exemption may be granted for the ship on the condition that the ship performs ballast water exchange in accordance with an approved Ballast Water Management Plan. The details can be found in the following link:
BWM.2/Circ.52/Rev.1
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Due date for Implementation installing Ballast Water Management System
On the 72th session of the Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC72) which was held in April 2018, regarding to the application schedule of Regulation D-2 (ballast water performance standard) in the convention, the amendment of Regulation B-3 was adopted. For more details about the schedule of the ballast water discharge standards, please refer to ClassNK Technical Information No. TEC-1116.
TEC-1116
Ballast Water Management System should be approved by Administrations in accordance with IMO Guidelines (G8/G9) to comply with the Regulation D-2 standard of the Convention. Approval (G8 and G9) list of Ballast Water Management System can be found in the following link:
List of approved Ballast Water Treatment System
For ships engaged in U.S. waters, the Installation of the Ballast Water Management System is to be approved by United States Coast Guard (USCG). The latest information of the approval of Ballast Water Management System by USCG can be found in USCG Homepage:
United States Coast Guard
Sampling and analysis at the Commissioning test
Commissioning test to verify the proper operation of equipment shall be carried out at the installation of any BWMS. MEPC 74 has approved a draft amendment to the Ballast Water Management Convention (BWMC) to conduct commissioning testing so as to demonstrate through representative sampling and indicative analysis that a BWMS is working properly, and this amendment has been adopted at MEPC 75.
According to the amendments, sampling and analysis should be conducted at commissioning test if the survey including verification of BWMS installation is completed on or after 1 June 2022.
MEPC 75 further adopted amendments to Guidance for the commissioning testing of ballast water management systems (BWM.2/Circ.70/rev.1).
The major revision points are specified below.
Local ambient water should be used for testing regardless of the organism concentrations in the water.
Representative samples should be analyzed for the two size classes of organisms, namely ≥ 50 μm, and ≥ 10 μm to < 50 μm, as specified in the D-2 standard, using indicative analysis methods. Analysis for microbes is not required.
Regarding to this amendment, following flag instructions for the sampling analysis have been issued.
Flag
Instructions by flag administrations
Australia
2019-01 Circular for BWMS commissioninghttps://www.awe.gov.au/biosecurity-trade/aircraft-vessels-military/vessels/marine-pest-biosecurity/ballast#shipping-industry-circulars
Cyprus
20/2019 Commissioning Test of Ballast Water Management Systems Installed on Cyprus Flagged Ships.https://www.dms.gov.cy/dms/shipping.nsf/all/CBD8EBB20A2FB079C225834600384CE0?opendocument
Singapore
No.9 of 2019 COMMISSIONING TESTING OF BALLAST WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMShttps://www.mpa.gov.sg/media-centre/details/no-9-of-2019---commissioning-testing-of-ballast-water-management-systems
Tuvalu
MC-3/2016/1 Ballast Water Management Conventionhttps://tvship.com/marinecircular
Greece
Application of IMO Circular BWM2Circ70 (original)
Greece Application of IMO Circular BWM2Circ70 (translated)
India
165 Ballast Water Conventionhttps://www.dgshipping.gov.in/Content/DGSCirculars.aspx?branchid=22
Bahamas
BMA BULLETIN No. 165 Intl Convention for Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments, 2004 (Ballast Water Management Convention)https://www.bahamasmaritime.com/notices/bulletins/
Panama
MMC-345 Ballast Water Management Convention 2004, Panama Policy.https://panamashipregistry.com/maritime-services/segumar/ballast-water/
Liberia
POL-014 Implementation, Survey and Certification under the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ship’s Ballast Water and Sediments, 2004 (BWM Convention)https://www.liscr.com/online-library-official-guidance
Attentions for operating Ballast Water Management System
ClassNK has analyzed the retrofit status of ballast water management systems (BWMS) on registered ships and confirmed that the installation deadline under the Ballast Water Management Convention is concentrated in 2022, and has already issued a press release titled "ClassNK Advises Existing Ships to Install Ballast Water Management Systems Early On”. As of the end of July 2022, which informs that more than 80% of registered ships have already completed the installation, and many ships will switch from ballast water exchange (D-1 regulation) to ballast water management with BWMS (D-2 regulation). Along with the increase in BWMS operations, it would be concerned that minor problems caused by unfamiliar operations, lack of maintenance, and the other factors will increase. Typical troubles and their counter measures / precautions were investigated since we believe that these minor problems could be well-managed or prevented by crew members, which contributes to reducing the number of problems. The common problems among each type of BWMS and those counter measures /precautions are introduced as follows.
1.Malfunction in highly turbid waters In waters with high turbidity, the differential pressure of ballast water filters may increase due to clogging. If the differential pressure exceeds the specified value, the BWMS will raise an alarm and the system may be forced to shut down. In this case, it is effective to take measures specified in the manual, such as manual backwashing. If possible, it is also able to adjust the ballast water flow rate so that the differential pressure does not exceed the specified value. Please note that a sudden pressure increase may cause filter damage in case where the BWMS is repeatedly started and stopped without proper backwashing procedures.
2.Malfunction of BWMS-related parts, life span of consumables, etc. Periodical maintenance and replacement should be performed in accordance with the manual. It is also effective to supply and keep spare parts onboard in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. It is reminded that consumables, such as chemicals, require proper expiration management respectively.
3.Clogging of the TRO (Total Residual Oxidants) sampling line Foreign substances in the TRO sampling line may interrupt normal measurement and BWMS will raise an alarm. This can be solved by periodic cleaning of the sampling line. In case of discharging cargo hold bilge water or cleaning water, cargo residues could be contaminated through the common ballast and bilge lines, so it may be effective to close the TRO sampling valve at the discharge operations and, if possible, flushing operation is conducted immediately with treated ballast water.
Please refer to the document via the following link for typical BWMS failure cases for each treatment method.
Typical malfunctions of BWMS
In the event of a BWMS malfunction due to equipment failure or water quality problems that interrupt proper ballast management, a contingency measure can be taken in accordance with BWM.2/Circ.62. In order to conduct a contingency measure, it is necessary to consult with the port authorities of the port of call where ballast water discharge is planned, in order to determine the details. Therefore, it is recommended that ballast water exchange procedures in accordance with Regulation D-1 or individual contingency measures should be included in the ballast water management plan (BWMP) in advance. Also, please be aware that some Flag Administrations (Panama, Liberia, and Singapore) instruct, as a mandatory requirement, to incorporate contingency measures into the BWMP for vessels that have passed the due date for application of Regulation D-2.
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Information of Ballast Water Management Convention
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT OF SHIPS’ BALLAST WATER AND SEDIMENTS, 2004
CODE FOR APPROVAL OF BALLAST WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (BWMS CODE)
Title
Download
CODE FOR APPROVAL OF BALLAST WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (BWMS CODE)
MEPC.300(72)
Guidelines G1-G14 of Ballast Water Management Convention
GNo.
Title
Download
G1
GUIDELINES FOR SEDIMENT RECEPTION FACILITIES
G1
G2
GUIDELINES FOR BALLAST WATER SAMPLING
G2
G3
GUIDELINES FOR BALLAST WATER MANAGEMENT EQUIVALENT COMPLIANCE
G3
G4
GUIDELINES FOR BALLAST WATER MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF BALLAST WATER MANAGEMENT PLANS
G4
G5
GUIDELINES FOR BALLAST WATER RECEPTION FACILITIES
G5
G6
GUIDELINES FOR BALLAST WATER EXCHANGE
G6
G7
GUIDELINES FOR RISK ASSESSMENT UNDER REGULATION A-4 OF THE BWM CONVENTION
G7
G8
GUIDELINES FOR APPROVAL OF BALLAST WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
G8
G9
PROCEDURE FOR APPROVAL OF BALLAST WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS THAT MAKE USE OF ACTIVE SUBSTANCES
G9
G10
GUIDELINES FOR APPROVAL AND OVERSIGHT OF PROTOTYPE BALLAST WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY PROGRAMMES
G10
G11
GUIDELINES FOR BALLAST WATER EXCHANGE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS
G11
G12
2012 GUIDELINES ON DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION TO FACILITATE SEDIMENT CONTROL ON SHIPS
G12
G13
GUIDELINES FOR ADDITIONAL MEASURES REGARDING BALLAST WATER MANAGEMENT INCLUDING EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
G13
G14
GUIDELINES ON DESIGNATION OF AREAS FOR BALLAST WATER EXCHANGE
G14
For general questions about Ballast Water Management Convention, please contact:
NIPPON KAIJI KYOKAI (ClassNK)
Mchinery Department, Administration Center Annex, Head Office
Address:
3-3 Kioi-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0094, Japan
Tel:
+81-3-5226-2023
Fax:
+81-3-5226-2024
E-mail:
mcd@classnk.or.jp
For any questions about Ballast Water Management System, Please contact
NIPPON KAIJI KYOKAI (ClassNK)
Material and Equipment Department, Administration Center Annex, Head Office
Address:
3-3 Kioi-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0094, Japan
Tel:
+81-3-5226-2020
Fax:
+81-3-5226-2757
E-mail:
eqd@classnk.or.jp
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【铁道知识ABC】2-道砟 - 知乎首发于Trains · Cars · Bikes切换模式写文章登录/注册【铁道知识ABC】2-道砟Zhaoyang Wang铁路等 3 个话题下的优秀答主在大多数人眼中,道砟无非是枕木下面的一堆石子。其实,这里面大有文章。在美国,道砟(Ballast)是铁路公司的第5大财产,其价值甚至超过了铁路公司所拥有的货车价值的总和。接下来,我们就来研究一下这一堆小“石子”中的大学问。本文创作同时,我对为什么普通铁路铁轨上都会铺石子而高铁铁轨不用? - 王兆洋的回答下我的答案进行了补充,下文中“更新的答案”就是这篇回答。对道砟的基本要求是:有足够的强度承担枕木的压力;有足够的硬度承受道砟间的磨损;有足够致密的级配(注)提供足够的力固定枕木;能够抵抗温度的变化和水的侵蚀。注:级配,即gradation,用来反映颗粒(aggregates)大小的分布情况,可以参见维基百科Sieve analysis,gradation分为Dense(致密)、Uniform(均匀)、Gap、Open、Rich等几种,级配致密的颗粒中,各种尺寸的石头数量差不多,因此石头与石头之间的空隙小;与之相比,级配均匀的颗粒中,石头的尺寸基本相当。感谢@DerCampus 的补充。图片来源:The role of aggregate in concrete countertop mix formulas铁路使用的道砟主要有破碎岩石(Crushed
Stone)、破碎矿渣(Crushed
Slag)、改良砾石(Treated
Gravel)等。其中,改良砾石除运量极小的支线或场站线路以外,一般是不会使用的。使用最广泛的是破碎岩石,以火成岩(Igneous
Rock)和硬质石灰岩(Hard
Limestone)为佳。本文封面为四种使用较为广泛的岩石种类,自左至右分别为花岗岩(Granite)、石英石(Quartzite)、玄武岩(Basalt)和石灰岩(Limestone)。我发现手机客户端看图片可能不是很方便,所以在正文中再上传一下:图片来源:Geology - rocks and minerals; Geology - rocks and minerals; Geology - rocks and minerals等,有修改。注:石灰岩并不是非常理想的道砟原材,在我国已禁止使用。感谢 李小天 补充(知乎搜索出了好多“李小天”,我不知道是哪一个……大家可以去评论区找TA~)。另外,道砟所用石头的一个重要参数就是它有多“圆”,即Roundness或Angularity。一般来说,棱角越多的石头之间的摩擦越强,越适合做铁路的道砟。道砟的主要作用包括:将枕木的压力分散到路基上; 防止轨道爬行;吸收列车运行时的冲击;排水;方便养护。下面逐一解释这些作用。首先,列车的重力,经过钢轨、枕木、道砟传递到路基,枕木承受的压力是相当大的,而路基的强度往往不足以承受如此大的压力,因此需要道砟在其中分散枕木的压力,即通过增大作用面积,减小单位面积上的压力(即压强)。通过P=F/S的公式,可以看出,在压力一定的情况下,面积越大,压强越小。其中,P为压强,F为压力,S为作用面积。第二,防止轨道爬行。在弯道上,轨道需要提供列车转弯所需的向心力,其反作用力会使轨道向外轨方向移动;在上坡路段,机车牵引力的反作用力会使轨道向山谷移动;在下坡路段,列车的制动力仍然会使轨道向山谷移动。通过使道砟包裹枕木,可以减少轨道的移动。第三,吸收列车运行时的冲击。和汽车不同,火车运行时是钢制的车轮在钢制的轨道上滚动(Steel
Wheel on Steel Rail),在经过钢轨接头时,或者由于车轮不是完美的圆形,会造成相当大的冲击,其对轨道的瞬时压力可以高达静态重量的两倍,并且没有橡胶用来吸收冲击。这样的瞬时冲击如果直接作用在路基上,会导致路基沉降、以及pumping(在不断重复的冲击下水溢出地表的现象,大家可以通过在潮湿的地面上不停地跺脚来模拟);如果直接反作用在轨道上,会导致扣件、钢轨甚至枕木折断。因此,需要相对“软”一点的道砟来吸收这种冲击。(这里的“软”是相对于钢轨和轨枕而言的,道砟其实一点也不“软”)。这一点也将会在我更新的答案中提到。第四,排水。排水绝不仅仅是靠排水沟实现的,好的道砟对排水至关重要。可能有人会问,排水是道砟的主要功能还是次要功能。假设排水不好不会影响路基的强度,那么道砟就不需要拥有排水功能,但事实并非如此。想要拥有好的路基强度,就必须做好排水。因此,我会说排水是道砟不得不具有的功能。最后,方便养护。比如随着列车的运行,外轨超高什么的可能会发生改变。此时,如果进行线路养护,可以很方便地通过垫高或者减少道砟进行修正。作为对比,虽然混凝土整体道床的线路参数更不容易随着列车运行而发生变化,但是一旦变化,其养护工作是很难的。这一点也将会在我更新的答案中提到。说了这么多,接下来看看道砟的截面图。砟肩(Shoulder
Ballast)、枕盒道砟(Crib
Ballast)和面砟层(Top
Ballast)一般采用相同的石材,底砟层或砂垫层(Sub
Ballast)采用尺寸稍小一些的石材。有时候,在面砟层和底砟层之间还会有一层Bottom
Ballast,道砟的尺寸介于二者之间。砟肩的作用主要是防止轨道的横向移动,枕盒道砟的主要作用是防止轨道爬行。面砟层和底砟层承担枕木的压力,统称为Support
Ballast。感谢 李小天 所指出的中文名称。对于每一条线路,需要铺设多厚的道砟,是根据枕木压力和路基强度通过计算得到的,计算方法在此就不详细叙述了。随着列车的运行,道砟会变“脏”,道砟之间的空隙被磨损下来的道砟碎屑、枕木碎屑和撒漏的货物碎屑填满,导致Fouled
Ballast,如下图所示,左边脏脏的是Fouled Ballast,右边看起来非常Nice的是新道砟。Fouled Ballast会使道床强度变小,排水变差,并且会引发Pumping(工务一般称为“翻浆冒泥”,感谢@此木 )等一系列问题。此时,就需要进行“清筛”作业(Cleaning)。下图是一张人力清筛的图片,摄于滦南站,基本上就是一堆人上线路,挖出道砟,除去土壤碎屑后再将道砟填回去。这种方式的工作效率比较低,一般用于运量小的线路,或者道岔等困难区段。下面的图是清筛机,远处烟尘滚滚的那个就是,摄于滦南站。下图是更清楚的照片,图片来源http://couriernews.com/bookmark/18136226-Can-t-undercut-this-crew,这种清筛机被称为Undercutter,原理是把一根类似钢锯的东西从一端伸过去,或者把一根铁链从两端连接起来,然后通过旋转把道砟“刨”出来,清除土壤碎屑后再填回去。下图是边坡清筛机(Shoulder
Ballast Cleaner),只能为砟肩进行清筛,图片摄于2015
AREMA Annual Conference, Minneapolis。清筛后,一般需要紧接着进行“捣固”(Tamping),把“蓬松”的道砟压实。人力捣固大致就是这样的,图片摄于Monticello
Railway Museum。也有手持的捣固机械,如下图所示。感谢@八坂克图格亚补充。图片来源:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oc0ZhHoJ7ng当然,人工捣固是一种非常低效率的方式,并且质量也不高,因此在规模较大的施工中,会采用捣固机进行捣固(工务称为“大机捣固”,或者简称为“大机捣”)。捣固机大概长这样,图片摄于滦南站。捣固时,那一组“钢爪”插入道砟中,枕木下表面以下,然后进行挤压,确保枕木下方的道砟是压实的,如下图所示。在“捣固”时,一般只捣固钢轨作用面(Rail
Seat)正下方的道砟,因为如果枕木中间的道砟过于结实,会增大枕木折断的风险,如下图所示。嗯,道砟暂时就说这么多吧,欢迎交流讨论,谢谢大家观看。编辑于 2016-04-01 09:25铁路赞同 84862 条评论分享喜欢收藏申请转载文章被以下专栏收录Trains · Cars · Bikes有趣的铁道知识科普,冷门的汽车赛事收集,实用
Ballast Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
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Est. 1828
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ballast
1 of 2
noun
bal·last
ˈba-ləst
Synonyms of ballast
1
: a heavy substance (such as rocks or water) placed in such a way as to improve stability and control (as of the draft of a ship or the buoyancy of a balloon or submarine)
tossed several tons of ballast overboard
2
: something that gives stability (as in character or conduct)
She provided the ballast we needed during stressful times.
3
: gravel or broken stone laid in a railroad bed or used in making concrete
4
: a device used to provide the starting voltage or to stabilize the current in a circuit (as of a fluorescent lamp)
ballast
2 of 2
verb
ballasted; ballasting; ballasts
transitive verb
1
: to steady or equip with or as if with ballast
They ballast the canoe with large rocks.
2
: to fill in (something, such as a railroad bed) with ballast (see ballast entry 1 sense 3)
Phrases
in ballast
of a ship
: having only ballast for a load
Examples of ballast in a Sentence
Recent Examples on the WebNoun
Glue was coming away from the seams of ballast bags, and mounting bolts threatened to rupture them; both sealing faces had errant plunge holes and O-ring grooves that deviated from standard design parameters.
—Ben Taub, The New Yorker, 1 July 2023
The vessels typically have inboard engines positioned toward the rear to keep the weight at the back and a special ballast that increases wake.
—Rachel Cormack, Robb Report, 22 Feb. 2024
Insects, the ballast of food chains and essential pollinators that help nourish entire ecosystems, are in rampant decline across the world.
—Chang Che, New York Times, 27 July 2023
The mature Manzoni has a ballast and wisdom that none of his influential French predecessors, contemporaries, or successors manages, even opponents of the Jacobins and Napoleon such as Sismondi, Madame de Staël, or Benjamin Constant.
—David Harsanyi, National Review, 25 Jan. 2024
For years the Yale theologian and poet Christian Wiman has grappled with a cancer diagnosis and a difficult prognosis, white-knuckling through a rollercoaster of chemotherapy and pneumonias, turning to faith and family for anchorage, his notebook for emotional ballast.
—Hamilton Cain, WSJ, 26 Dec. 2023
The complex, four massive tents divided into private pods where families sleep on cots, is heated and fortified with ballasts that can reportedly withstand winds of nearly 70 miles an hour.
—Luis Feliz Leon, Curbed, 21 Dec. 2023
Efron’s portrayal of a man who fights for glory and for fame only to find himself at a remove from humanity has some heavy real-world ballast.
—Daniel D'addario, Variety, 14 Dec. 2023
This narrative gives ideological ballast to Russia’s efforts to challenge the existing global order and to its invasion of Ukraine as the defense of an imperiled Russian civilization.
—Maria Snegovaya, Foreign Affairs, 16 Nov. 2023
Verb
There were two-piece yoga sets covered with bomber jackets — all ballasted by Balenciaga’s mech-warrior-size 10XL trainers.
—Nathan Taylor Pemberton, Rolling Stone, 20 Jan. 2024
The reopening timeline, the COVID-19 surcharge—even the free sandbags the city recently offered to restaurants, to help ballast their outdoor dining structures—all, in the end, place the burden of financial support on individuals, and individual transactions.
—Helen Rosner, The New Yorker, 12 Oct. 2020
Longtermists have a remarkably weak appreciation for the zigzags and convulsions of recent history, which MacAskill sometimes blunders into to try and make or ballast a point.
—Alexander Zaitchik, The New Republic, 24 Oct. 2022
Mottley had reduced the public work force and raised all sorts of taxes to ballast the government’s balance sheet.
—Abrahm Lustgarten, ProPublica, 27 July 2022
The species, which grows to 6 feet long and weighs up to 220 pounds, was prized for its swim bladder, or maw, an organ that helps ballast the animal.
—Adam Elder, Wired, 16 Apr. 2020
Amid that debate, the role of the editorial board is to provide Times readers with a long-range view formed not by one person’s expertise and experience but ballasted by certain institutional values that have evolved across more than 150 years.
—New York Times, 13 Jan. 2020
Some of that freshness comes from the cast, a cornucopia of effervescent young talent ballasted by a handful of doughty old-timers.
—New York Times, 23 Dec. 2019
Gillis said the new bridge will be ballasted, rather than fixed.
—Mary Wisniewski, chicagotribune.com, 21 Aug. 2019
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These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'ballast.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.
Word History
Etymology
Noun
probably from Low German, of Scandinavian origin; akin to Danish & Swedish barlast ballast; perhaps akin to Old English bær bare & to Old English hlæst load, hladan to load — more at lade
Verb
derivative of ballast entry 1
First Known Use
Noun
15th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1 Verb
1538, in the meaning defined at sense 1
Time Traveler
The first known use of ballast was
in the 15th century
See more words from the same century
Phrases Containing ballast
in ballast
Dictionary Entries Near ballast
ballas
ballast
ballastage
See More Nearby Entries
Cite this Entry
Style
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Merriam-Webster
“Ballast.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ballast. Accessed 16 Mar. 2024.
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Kids Definition
ballast
1 of 2
noun
bal·last
ˈbal-əst
1
: heavy material used especially to make a ship steady or to control the rising of a balloon
2
: gravel or broken stone laid in a foundation for a railroad or used in making concrete
ballast
2 of 2
verb
: to provide with ballast
More from Merriam-Webster on ballast
Thesaurus: All synonyms and antonyms for ballast
Nglish: Translation of ballast for Spanish Speakers
Britannica English: Translation of ballast for Arabic Speakers
Britannica.com: Encyclopedia article about ballast
Last Updated:
8 Mar 2024
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BALLAST中文(繁体)翻译:剑桥词典
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ballast 在英语-中文(繁体)词典中的翻译
ballastnoun [ U ] uk
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/ˈbæl.əst/ us
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/ˈbæl.əst/
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heavy matter such as sand or stone that is used at the bottom of a ship or a hot-air balloon to make it heavier, or the small stones on which railways and roads are made
(船的)壓艙物;(氣球的)鎮重物;(用作路基的)道砟,石碴
(ballast在剑桥英语-中文(繁体)词典的翻译 © Cambridge University Press)
ballast的例句
ballast
It also has floats and lead ballast units to maintain the stability of the structure.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
Another potential carrier would have been ships' ballast, especially from ships that were wrecked at the isthmus.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
In this, the theory goes, the condition and effectiveness of party organisations and underlying intellectual trends play a far bigger role than any historical ballast.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
The traditionalists can even add ballast to their claims by pointing out that the operatic past is more available to us now than it ever was before.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
This constraint specifies that the mass of the yacht, before adding any ballast, must be less than or equal to the mass of the water that it displaces.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
The way the authors deal with difficult material is not to break it up so that readers can make sense of it, but to weigh it down with academic ballast.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
Ballast water is stored in the fuel oil tank.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
The knowledge that such a systematic surveillance was being carried out might well deter some masters from discharging oily ballast water or oily bilge water.
来自 Hansard archive
该例句来自Hansard存档。包含以下议会许可信息开放议会许可v3.0
示例中的观点不代表剑桥词典编辑、剑桥大学出版社和其许可证颁发者的观点。
C1
ballast的翻译
中文(简体)
(船的)压舱物, (气球的)镇重物, (用作路基的)道砟,石碴…
查看更多内容
西班牙语
lastre, contención, puntal…
查看更多内容
葡萄牙语
lastro…
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ballast的发音是什么?
在英语词典中查看 ballast 的释义
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ball-and-socket joint
ball-tampering
ballad
ballade
ballast
ballcock
baller
ballerina
ballet
“每日一词”
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UK
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/ˈtəʊ.kən/
US
Your browser doesn't support HTML5 audio
/ˈtoʊ.kən/
something that you do, or a thing that you give someone, that expresses your feelings or intentions, although it might have little practical effect
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BALLAST in Simplified Chinese - Cambridge Dictionary
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Translation of ballast – English–Mandarin Chinese dictionary
ballastnoun [ U ] uk
Your browser doesn't support HTML5 audio
/ˈbæl.əst/ us
Your browser doesn't support HTML5 audio
/ˈbæl.əst/
Add to word list
Add to word list
heavy matter such as sand or stone that is used at the bottom of a ship or a hot-air balloon to make it heavier, or the small stones on which railways and roads are made
(船的)压舱物;(气球的)镇重物;(用作路基的)道砟,石碴
(Translation of ballast from the Cambridge English-Chinese (Simplified) Dictionary © Cambridge University Press)
Examples of ballast
ballast
This constraint specifies that the mass of the yacht, before adding any ballast, must be less than or equal to the mass of the water that it displaces.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
The knowledge that such a systematic surveillance was being carried out might well deter some masters from discharging oily ballast water or oily bilge water.
From the Hansard archive
Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0
The extent to which recently-founded labor-populist parties depended on the new unions for "organizational ballast," then became particularly clear.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
It also has floats and lead ballast units to maintain the stability of the structure.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
She also took in a few tons of graphite as ballast after having unloaded her main cargo.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
The north masonry facade of the causeway, capped by a parapet, was significantly more formal than the southern edge of the causeway, where the ballast feathered out.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
The small 'a' is ballast on that keel.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
The traditionalists can even add ballast to their claims by pointing out that the operatic past is more available to us now than it ever was before.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors.
C1
Translations of ballast
in Chinese (Traditional)
(船的)壓艙物, (氣球的)鎮重物, (用作路基的)道砟,石碴…
See more
in Spanish
lastre, contención, puntal…
See more
in Portuguese
lastro…
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What is the pronunciation of ballast?
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ball-and-socket joint
ball-tampering
ballad
ballade
ballast
ballcock
baller
ballerina
ballet
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/ˈtəʊ.kən/
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something that you do, or a thing that you give someone, that expresses your feelings or intentions, although it might have little practical effect
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The principle and application of gas ballast - Edwards Vacuum
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The principle and application of Gas Ballast
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The principle and application of Gas Ballast
The principle and application of gas ballast
What is a gas ballast?
Gas ballast is a constructional feature widely applied in many primary vacuum pumps for the pumping of vapours. Wolfgang Gaede invented the gas-ballast principle in 1935 and was originally focussed on primary oil sealed pumps. Gas ballast is useful in reducing the extent of vapour contamination in the oil (and/or other parts) thus extending oil life and at a more fundamental level permitting the pump to operate on vapour duty at nearly full specifications. Put simply, depending on the percentage make-up of vapour in the pumped load, then without gas ballast the pump can ‘stagnate’.
A typical physical representation of the gas ballast configuration is shown below
Gas and vapour
Gas ballast flow
Gas
Liquid droplets (from condensed vapour) – no gas ballast
Red: Vapour
Purple: Gas
How does a gas ballast work?
The basic principle of ballast is that atmospheric air (or CDA or inert gas) is admitted into a pump during the (late) compression stages (as above). This increases the percentage of non-condensable gas such that the partial pressure of the vapour being pumped is below its saturated vapour pressure when the exhaust valve opens (typically at a pressure of 1.05 to 1.2 bara). This means that the vapour is discharged from the pump without liquefaction.
The work performed from ballasting tends to increase the operating temperature which again helps with vapour handling.
N.B. when we talk about vapour pressure we usually mean the saturated vapour pressure.
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The principle and application of gas ballast
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