比特派app安卓版|ethereum classic官网

作者: 比特派app安卓版
2024-03-14 18:47:50

Ethereum Classic

reum ClassicEthereum ClassicOpen menuEnglish中文اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُDeutschEspañolΕλληνικάFrançaisעִבְרִיתहिन्दीHrvatskiItaliano日本語한국어MalayNederlandsPortuguêsрусскийภาษาไทยTürkTiếng Việt粵語Open menuSearchOpen menuLearnFAQsFrequently asked questions by various stakeholdersWhy Classic?Start here to get the lowdown on Ethereum Classic's reason for being and unique value propositionKnowledgeFurther reading on the foundations that underpin ETCVideosA collection of videos and podcasts to keep you informed on ETC concepts and happeningsPlayServicesApps, Wallets, and Exchanges that integrate with ETC; 100% unaudited, so watch out for the rug pulls!CommunityIf you long for communication with people who are interested in ETC, here's how to find themNetworkRPC Endpoints, Explorers, Network Monitors, and other resources for the technically inclinedMiningPools, Software, and Hardware requirements will help you mine ETC for fun and profitDevelopmentTestnets, Tooling, Clients, and information on how to contribute to the ETC protocol itselfExtraNewsBlogAboutRSS FeedSitemapLearnFAQsFrequently asked questions by various stakeholdersWhy Classic?Start here to get the lowdown on Ethereum Classic's reason for being and unique value propositionKnowledgeFurther reading on the foundations that underpin ETCVideosA collection of videos and podcasts to keep you informed on ETC concepts and happeningsPlayServicesApps, Wallets, and Exchanges that integrate with ETC; 100% unaudited, so watch out for the rug pulls!CommunityIf you long for communication with people who are interested in ETC, here's how to find themNetworkRPC Endpoints, Explorers, Network Monitors, and other resources for the technically inclinedMiningPools, Software, and Hardware requirements will help you mine ETC for fun and profitDevelopmentTestnets, Tooling, Clients, and information on how to contribute to the ETC protocol itselfNewsSearchEnglish中文اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُDeutschEspañolΕλληνικάFrançaisעִבְרִיתहिन्दीHrvatskiItaliano日本語한국어MalayNederlandsPortuguêsрусскийภาษาไทยTürkTiếng Việt粵語Support ETC by helping to translate this website!The DecentralizedEthereum New SectionFAQsQuickly find the answers you are looking for by navigating Frequently Asked Questions organized by use case.Questions AnsweredHeadlinesDon't Trust, Verify.External links are unofficial community submissions.All NewsDon't Trust, Verify.External links are unofficial community submissions.ETC Proof of Work Course: 18. POW Blockchains Will Always Be Under Constant Social AttackMar 14, 2024Donald McIntyreWhy People and Businesses Should Run Their Own Nodes in ETCMar 13, 2024Donald McIntyreWhat Is a Blockchain Split?Mar 12, 2024Donald McIntyreETC Proof of Work Course: 17. POW Has Division of Power, POS Does NotMar 7, 2024Donald McIntyreWhat Do Mining Pools Do in Ethereum Classic?Mar 6, 2024Donald McIntyreBuild Unstoppable ApplicationsAs incumbent institutions are increasingly threatened by the wild potential of blockchain tech, only truly decentralized and secure cryptocurrencies will survive.

Existing in response to contract censorship on sister chain Ethereum™ (ETH) and to uphold and preserve the principle of Code is Law, Ethereum Classic (ETC) has proven its ability to resist censorship against all odds, and deliver the original Ethereum vision of unstoppable applications.

By combining the technology of Ethereum™ (ETH) with the philosophy of Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum Classic (ETC) is uniquely positioned to be the base layer smart contracts platform of the future, as other chains become compromised or captured by special interests.

Welcome, and please be invited to discover the past, present, and future of Ethereum Classic; its principles, value proposition, community, and more - to understand why Classic.Why Classic?Latest VideosAll VideosETC Development Call - Spiral Network UpgradeEthereum Classic Community CallsDec 4, 2023POW Summit - Day 1ETC CooperativeSep 27, 2023POW Summit - Day 2ETC CooperativeSep 28, 2023Latest ApplicationsAll AppsSafeClassicMax ClassicSafeClassic Community NFTMax ClassicMonoNFTMono Money Pty LtdHebeSwap OracleHebeBlockNaboxNaboxSwapBoxNaboxNerveNetworkNerveNetworkETCFROGBTricky MickETCMC DAO MEMBERSHIPSeth Mccormackin Argentum VeritasIn Argentum VeritasTurbineSwapRohit Kumar GuptaghostNFTGHOSTEnglishEnglish中文اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُDeutschEspañolΕλληνικάFrançaisעִבְרִיתहिन्दीHrvatskiItaliano日本語한국어MalayNederlandsPortuguêsрусскийภาษาไทยTürkTiếng Việt粵語Add ETC to MetaMaskThe ETC community is active on DiscordDiscordDiscordETC Coop DiscordETC Coop Discordeth_classic Twittereth_classic TwitterETC_Network TwitterETC_Network TwitterGithubGithubETC Labs GithubETC Labs GithubRedditRedditThis site is powered by NetlifyLocalization with CrowdinLearnFAQsWhy Classic?KnowledgeVideosPlayServicesCommunityNetworkMiningDevelopmentExtraNewsBlogAboutRSS FeedSitemapMade with <3 for the Original Ethereum VisionThe content on this website is user-generated and solely for informational purposes. Do not interpret any content as an endorsement of any product or service. There's "no official anything" in Ethereum Classic. Always do your own research, and remember: don't trust, verify!

以太坊经典

典以太坊经典Open menuEnglish中文اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُDeutschEspañolΕλληνικάFrançaisעִבְרִיתहिन्दीHrvatskiItaliano日本語한국어MalayNederlandsPortuguêsрусскийภาษาไทยTürkTiếng Việt粵語Open menu搜索Open menu了解常见问题各利益相关方的常见问题为什么是经典？从这里开始，了解Ethereum Classic存在的理由和独特的价值主张。知识关于支撑ETC的基础的进一步阅读视频一组视频和播客，让你了解ETC的概念和发生的事情播放服务与ETC整合的应用程序、钱包和交易所；100%未经审计，所以要注意地毯式的拉扯。社区如果你渴望与那些对ETC感兴趣的人交流，下面是找到他们的方法网络RPC端点、探索者、网络监控器和其他为有技术倾向的人提供的资源矿业矿池、软件和硬件要求将帮助你开采ETC以获得乐趣和利润开发者测试网、工具、客户端，以及关于如何为ETC协议本身做出贡献的信息额外的新闻博客关于RSS订阅网站地图了解常见问题各利益相关方的常见问题为什么是经典？从这里开始，了解Ethereum Classic存在的理由和独特的价值主张。知识关于支撑ETC的基础的进一步阅读视频一组视频和播客，让你了解ETC的概念和发生的事情播放服务与ETC整合的应用程序、钱包和交易所；100%未经审计，所以要注意地毯式的拉扯。社区如果你渴望与那些对ETC感兴趣的人交流，下面是找到他们的方法网络RPC端点、探索者、网络监控器和其他为有技术倾向的人提供的资源矿业矿池、软件和硬件要求将帮助你开采ETC以获得乐趣和利润开发者测试网、工具、客户端，以及关于如何为ETC协议本身做出贡献的信息新闻搜索English中文اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُDeutschEspañolΕλληνικάFrançaisעִבְרִיתहिन्दीHrvatskiItaliano日本語한국어MalayNederlandsPortuguêsрусскийภาษาไทยTürkTiếng Việt粵語通过帮助翻译本网站来支持ETC!以太坊的分散管理新部门常见问题通过浏览按使用情况组织的 "常见问题"，快速找到你正在寻找的答案。问题解答头条新闻不要相信，要核实。外部链接是非官方的社区提交。所有新闻不要相信，要核实。外部链接是非官方的社区提交。ETC工作量证明课程：18. POW区块链将始终受到持续的社会攻击2024年3月14日Donald McIntyre为什么个人和企业应该在以太坊经典（ETC）中运行自己的节点？2024年3月13日Donald McIntyre什么是区块链分叉？2024年3月12日Donald McIntyreETC工作证明课程：17. POW有权力划分，POS则没有2024年3月7日Donald McIntyre在以太坊经典中，矿池的作用是什么？2024年3月6日Donald McIntyre构建不可阻挡的应用随着现任机构越来越受到区块链技术疯狂潜力的威胁，只有真正去中心化和安全的加密货币才能生存。

为了应对姐妹链Ethereum™ (ETH)上的合同审查，并坚持和维护代码即法律的原则，Ethereum Classic (ETC)已经证明它有能力抵制审查，克服一切困难，并提供原始Ethereum愿景的不可阻挡的应用。

通过结合以太坊™(ETH)的技术和比特币(BTC)的理念，以太坊经典(ETC)处于独特的地位，成为未来的基础层智能合约平台，因为其他链变得妥协或被特殊利益所捕获。

欢迎你，并请你发现Ethereum Classic的过去、现在和未来；它的原则、价值主张、社区等等--了解为什么是Classic。为什么是经典？最新视频所有视频实测现阶段挖以太经典ETC收益分享！以太坊2 0升级之后(POW转POS)还能挖矿吗？（以太坊可能硬分叉出ETHW，可以用显卡挖矿）币圈小林子2022年8月16日ETC 以太坊經典還能再暴漲? I 以太坊合并在即，ETC將被炒作? I 什麼是以太坊經典 (ETC)? I ETC 的價值何在? I 以太坊礦工轉向 ETC能否接得住？Fi Cat飛貓理財2022年8月11日以太坊可能再次分叉？对矿工意味着什么？王坦克2022年8月2日最新应用所有应用程序SafeClassicMax ClassicSafeClassic Community NFTMax ClassicMonoNFTMono Money Pty LtdHebeSwap OracleHebeBlockNaboxNaboxSwapBoxNaboxNerveNetworkNerveNetworkETCFROGBTricky MickETCMC DAO MEMBERSHIPSeth Mccormackin Argentum VeritasIn Argentum VeritasTurbineSwapRohit Kumar GuptaghostNFTGHOST中文English中文اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُDeutschEspañolΕλληνικάFrançaisעִבְרִיתहिन्दीHrvatskiItaliano日本語한국어MalayNederlandsPortuguêsрусскийภาษาไทยTürkTiếng Việt粵語添加ETC到MetaMaskETC社区在Discord上很活跃纪元纪元ETC合作论坛ETC合作论坛eth_classic 推特eth_classic 推特ETC_网络推特ETC_网络推特GithubGithubETC实验室GithubETC实验室Github睿迪特(Reddit)公司睿迪特(Reddit)公司本网站由Netlify提供技术支持使用 Crowdin 进行本地化了解常见问题为什么是经典？知识视频播放服务社区网络矿业开发者额外的新闻博客关于RSS订阅网站地图用<3制作的原始以太坊愿景本网站的内容由用户生成，仅供参考。请勿将任何内容理解为对任何产品或服务的认可。以太坊经典中 "没有任何官方的东西"。请务必自行研究，并记住：不要轻信，请核实！

钱包 - 以太坊经典

以太坊经典以太坊经典Open menuEnglish中文اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُDeutschEspañolΕλληνικάFrançaisעִבְרִיתहिन्दीHrvatskiItaliano日本語한국어MalayNederlandsPortuguêsрусскийภาษาไทยTürkTiếng Việt粵語Open menu搜索Open menu了解常见问题各利益相关方的常见问题为什么是经典？从这里开始，了解Ethereum Classic存在的理由和独特的价值主张。知识关于支撑ETC的基础的进一步阅读视频一组视频和播客，让你了解ETC的概念和发生的事情播放服务与ETC整合的应用程序、钱包和交易所；100%未经审计，所以要注意地毯式的拉扯。社区如果你渴望与那些对ETC感兴趣的人交流，下面是找到他们的方法网络RPC端点、探索者、网络监控器和其他为有技术倾向的人提供的资源矿业矿池、软件和硬件要求将帮助你开采ETC以获得乐趣和利润开发者测试网、工具、客户端，以及关于如何为ETC协议本身做出贡献的信息额外的新闻博客关于RSS订阅网站地图了解常见问题各利益相关方的常见问题为什么是经典？从这里开始，了解Ethereum Classic存在的理由和独特的价值主张。知识关于支撑ETC的基础的进一步阅读视频一组视频和播客，让你了解ETC的概念和发生的事情播放服务与ETC整合的应用程序、钱包和交易所；100%未经审计，所以要注意地毯式的拉扯。社区如果你渴望与那些对ETC感兴趣的人交流，下面是找到他们的方法网络RPC端点、探索者、网络监控器和其他为有技术倾向的人提供的资源矿业矿池、软件和硬件要求将帮助你开采ETC以获得乐趣和利润开发者测试网、工具、客户端，以及关于如何为ETC协议本身做出贡献的信息新闻搜索English中文اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُDeutschEspañolΕλληνικάFrançaisעִבְרִיתहिन्दीHrvatskiItaliano日本語한국어MalayNederlandsPortuguêsрусскийภาษาไทยTürkTiếng Việt粵語通过帮助翻译本网站来支持ETC!服务钱包交流会应用社区网络矿业开发者服务不要相信，要核实。外部链接是非官方的社区提交。钱包交流会应用钱包2022年8月11日不要相信，要核实。外部链接是非官方的社区提交。有许多钱包可供选择，以确保ETC的安全和使用。每个选项在安全性和便利性之间给出了不同的平衡。请根据你的要求研究最佳选择。

我应该使用哪个钱包？

下面的建议并不是认可，只是为了帮助新用户快速找到一个可能适合他们的选项。

如果你想要一个简单的移动应用程序，Trust Wallet很容易使用，并支持包括ETC在内的许多货币。

如果你想持有少量ETC用于去中心化的应用程序，那么可以试试 MetaMask，并将其连接到Ethereum Classic。

如果你为你的业务接受ETC，你可能只想创建一个 exchange账户，你可以用它来出售你的本地货币。

如果你持有较大的金额，强烈建议你购买一个硬件钱包。

对于更高级的使用情况，请自己研究并尝试以下几个选项。

网络钱包这些Web3钱包可以使用一个网页来访问。它们不应该被用来保证大量的资金，但允许你轻松地与ETC互动，而不需要下载。Coin WalletMyCryptoMyEtherWalletPortis浏览器集成钱包这些Web3钱包被集成在网络浏览器中。通常情况下，它们向网站注入你的账户信息，以便让你在浏览器中与Ethereum Classic dapps无缝互动。BraveMathWalletMetaMaskNifty WalletOperaSimpleHold WalletTokenPocket硬件钱包硬件钱包是为长期存储而设计的安全钱包。BitskiCoolBitXEllipalHTC ExodusKeyPalLedgerParity SignerSafePalSignatory ClientTrezor软件钱包软件钱包是为短期存储而设计的桌面或移动设备。ABRAAlpha WalletAtomic WalletBTCPOPButton WalletCoboCoin WalletCoinomiEdgeEmerald WalletEthoseToro WalletExodusGuardaHebe CoreHuobi WalletMathWalletMidas ProtocolMixin MessengerNow WalletOwnbitPlisio WalletTokenPocketTrust WalletTrustee WalletZelcore WalletZenGo其他钱包产品这些产品是对加密货币钱包的补充，如恢复种子存储。BillFodlBlockplateColdTiCrypto Key StackCryptoSteelCRYPTOTAGHodlinoxSteely如果您想通过添加或更正本页面的信息来做出贡献，请在 Discord上留言，或在 GitHub上创建一个问题。本页的存在部分归功于以下贡献者。AndrewGuardaantsankovarviccobobsummerwillchendatony31conqerordanSSHdax-classixgitr0n1nHebeBlockIstoraMandiriProphetDanielpyskellTheCrowbillTheEnthusiasticAsericfishJamyyeContents网络钱包浏览器集成钱包硬件钱包软件钱包其他钱包产品中文English中文اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُDeutschEspañolΕλληνικάFrançaisעִבְרִיתहिन्दीHrvatskiItaliano日本語한국어MalayNederlandsPortuguêsрусскийภาษาไทยTürkTiếng Việt粵語添加ETC到MetaMaskETC社区在Discord上很活跃纪元纪元ETC合作论坛ETC合作论坛eth_classic 推特eth_classic 推特ETC_网络推特ETC_网络推特GithubGithubETC实验室GithubETC实验室Github睿迪特(Reddit)公司睿迪特(Reddit)公司本网站由Netlify提供技术支持使用 Crowdin 进行本地化了解常见问题为什么是经典？知识视频播放服务社区网络矿业开发者额外的新闻博客关于RSS订阅网站地图用<3制作的原始以太坊愿景本网站的内容由用户生成，仅供参考。请勿将任何内容理解为对任何产品或服务的认可。以太坊经典中 "没有任何官方的东西"。请务必自行研究，并记住：不要轻信，请核实！

经典历史 - 以太坊经典

- 以太坊经典以太坊经典Open menuEnglish中文اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُDeutschEspañolΕλληνικάFrançaisעִבְרִיתहिन्दीHrvatskiItaliano日本語한국어MalayNederlandsPortuguêsрусскийภาษาไทยTürkTiếng Việt粵語Open menu搜索Open menu了解常见问题各利益相关方的常见问题为什么是经典？从这里开始，了解Ethereum Classic存在的理由和独特的价值主张。知识关于支撑ETC的基础的进一步阅读视频一组视频和播客，让你了解ETC的概念和发生的事情播放服务与ETC整合的应用程序、钱包和交易所；100%未经审计，所以要注意地毯式的拉扯。社区如果你渴望与那些对ETC感兴趣的人交流，下面是找到他们的方法网络RPC端点、探索者、网络监控器和其他为有技术倾向的人提供的资源矿业矿池、软件和硬件要求将帮助你开采ETC以获得乐趣和利润开发者测试网、工具、客户端，以及关于如何为ETC协议本身做出贡献的信息额外的新闻博客关于RSS订阅网站地图了解常见问题各利益相关方的常见问题为什么是经典？从这里开始，了解Ethereum Classic存在的理由和独特的价值主张。知识关于支撑ETC的基础的进一步阅读视频一组视频和播客，让你了解ETC的概念和发生的事情播放服务与ETC整合的应用程序、钱包和交易所；100%未经审计，所以要注意地毯式的拉扯。社区如果你渴望与那些对ETC感兴趣的人交流，下面是找到他们的方法网络RPC端点、探索者、网络监控器和其他为有技术倾向的人提供的资源矿业矿池、软件和硬件要求将帮助你开采ETC以获得乐趣和利润开发者测试网、工具、客户端，以及关于如何为ETC协议本身做出贡献的信息新闻搜索English中文اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُDeutschEspañolΕλληνικάFrançaisעִבְרִיתहिन्दीHrvatskiItaliano日本語한국어MalayNederlandsPortuguêsрусскийภาษาไทยTürkTiếng Việt粵語通过帮助翻译本网站来支持ETC!常见问题为什么是经典？知识课程基金会理论投资叉子历史未来屏蔽器(MetaMask视频知识课程基金会理论投资叉子历史未来屏蔽器(MetaMask经典历史2022年9月2日以下时间轴记录了创建和定义以太坊经典的形成性事件，以及到今天为止的所有重大事件。关于ETC创建的更详细调查，请查看 Genesis。事件年表按时间顺序排列以太坊推出2015年7月30日Vitalik Buterin 和以太坊基金会通过 Frontier 版本创建了首个基于区块链的图灵完备智能合约平台。前沿解冻升级200,0002015年9月8日该网络在200,000个区块实现了 "冰河时代"，引入了 "难度炸弹"，该机制旨在将网络的共识机制从 "工作证明 "转向 "取证"。家园升级1,150,0002016年3月14日Homestead是以太坊平台的第二个主要版本发布。Slock.it创造了DAO2016年4月5日Slock.it构建了The DAO以太坊合约；Dejavu完成了安全审计。DAO众筹开始了2016年4月30日DAO智能合约被部署；公众成员向其发送价值以换取DAO代币。安全建议2016年5月26日Slock.it宣布了一项150万美元的提案，由众筹基金以太币支付，"以保证The DAO的完整性"。呼吁暂停使用2016年5月27日在众筹的最后一天，DAO策展人Vlad Zamfir以许多游戏理论上的安全问题为由，呼吁暂停DAO的发行。DAO众筹结束2016年5月27日众筹完成后，成为世界上最大的众筹，筹集了令人难以置信的1.5亿美元。发现递归调用的错误2016年6月9日Peter Vessenes公开披露了一个在许多Solidity合同中被忽略的关键安全漏洞的存在。没有风险的资金2016年6月12日Stephan Tual公开声称，尽管新发现了关键的安全漏洞，但DAO的资金是安全的。DAO被黑掉了2016年6月17日当重新进入的错误被应用时，以太币从DAO中缓慢而无声地被抽走。恐慌袭击市场2016年6月17日由于Griff Green宣布DAO被黑，以太币的价格被砍掉一半。倒计时开始了2016年6月17日DAO的拆分机制给了一个月左右的时间来找到收回资金的解决方案；基金会和社区开发者竞相实施软分叉。罗宾汉集团宣布成立2016年6月21日一群 "白帽 "黑客确保了The DAO资金的70%，但需要采取协议层面的行动来挽救被黑客分割的剩余30%。DAO大战：软分叉投票2016年6月24日以太坊基金会发布了一个 "软分叉 "客户端，对来自黑客的交易进行审查；矿池通过降低气体限制来投票启用。软叉子的漏洞2016年6月28日在软分叉实现中发现了严重的拒绝服务缺陷，矿工们很快决定不使用它。硬分叉争论2016年6月28日以太坊社区就实施硬分叉的利弊进行了许多天的激烈争论。硬分叉规格公布2016年7月15日剩下的唯一选择是一个有争议的硬分叉。规格由Slock.it和以太坊基金会成员决定并宣布。最后一刻的碳票2016年7月15日在12小时的通知下，以太坊基金会使用有争议的第三方 "硬币投票 "来决定默认开启硬分叉；宣布达成共识，并发布了一个更新的客户端。DAO保释的硬分叉1,920,0002016年7月20日随着大约80%的节点更新到新的客户端，社区紧张地等待着DAO救助分叉激活区块1,920,000的到来。新叉子链1,920,0012016年7月20日一个分叉的链诞生了!以太坊基金会在2016年7月20日创建了一个改变了的以太坊版本，以扭转DAO被盗的情况。作为商标权持有人，以太坊基金会将以太坊(ETH)品牌应用于新的分叉链。原有的无叉链1,920,0012016年7月20日由于预测原始非分叉链将在数小时内消失，许多人惊讶地发现矿工继续支持原始链。Bisq和OTC柜台给了这些代币一个价格发现订单簿。市场参与者将这个非分叉链重新命名为Ethereum Classic(ETC)。任务完成了!2016年7月20日ETH社区松了一口气，因为DAO分叉代码被成功实施，没有明显的缺陷；香槟酒瓶在全球范围内被爆开。一个新链的诞生是成功的!Poloniex列出了ETC2016年7月23日最大的以太坊交易所发出长期支持原始链的信号，Poloniex列出ETC。许多交易所迅速效仿。以赛亚人的断裂2016年7月23日火焰战争在subreddits开始。当经济上的尖锐争吵开始占据参与者的心，因为它接受了分裂的现实。以太坊经典的支持者2016年7月24日以太坊经典的支持者从以太坊子版块中分离出来，形成自己的社交渠道。Geth支持Ethereum Classic2016年7月27日Geth发布对Ethereum Classic网络的支持。这个节点从客户端删除了所有的DAO代码，不需要额外的标志就可以使用Ethereum Classic网络。奇偶性支持Ethereum Classic2016年7月31日Parity通过1.2.3版本发出了长期支持Ethereum Classic的信号，解决了Ethereum HF和Ethereum Classic链的网络稳定性问题，并为交易追踪API带来一些变化。51% 攻击威胁2016年7月31日ETH的支持者组成了一个名为51Pool.org的矿池，计划通过策划51%的攻击来摧毁ETC网络。矿工支持ETC2016年8月1日在ETC网络发展到无法再攻击的程度后，ETH矿工公开宣布不攻击ETC。为了防止伤害无辜的Ethereum Classic持有者，ETHash矿工将资源投入到ETC的开采中。RHG攻击ETC2016年8月10日罗宾汉集团试图在市场上抛售大量从DAO分叉中偷来的ETC。Poloniex冻结了他们的资金。经典之作宣布独立2,050,0002016年8月13日在来自ETH方面的链式分裂的无情攻击后，Ethereum Classic的支持者们站稳了脚跟，宣布他们独立于新的ETH链。经历过战斗考验，具有很强的适应力2016年8月18日随着ETC从ETH的攻击中脱颖而出，价格趋于稳定，Ethereum Classic向市场证明了它的弹性。网络的核心原则在DAO救助中被激发出来。支持者们开始从灰烬中重建。DAO资金在ETC上解锁2016年8月31日数百万以前被锁定或冻结的ETC成为DAO代币持有人和DAO黑客可以使用的东西。ETC的价格在面对巨大的市场倾销时保持得非常好。法规就是法律2016年9月9日在ETH攻击期间，以太坊经典的支持者们发出了许多战斗呐喊。他们开始澄清他们的核心原则并向公众验证ETC网络的存在。燃气重新定价升级2,500,0002016年10月24日由于技术栈中的漏洞，两个以太坊网络都受到了攻击。ETC的开发人员迅速确保了网络的顺利和无争议的升级，以修补被利用的漏洞。ETC 货币政策2016年11月1日以太坊经典的支持者就ETC的排放时间表和货币政策展开辩论。格罗申迪克团队2016年12月11日IOHK为Ethereum Classic投入了一个由7名全职开发人员组成的团队死神升级3,000,0002017年1月13日以太坊经典版解决了重放攻击问题，并推迟了网络升级中的难度炸弹。ETCDEV团队2017年2月20日一个由ETC的长期贡献者和志愿者组成的团队重新命名为ETCDEV团队。货币政策的共识2017年3月1日以太坊经典版围绕210.7M ETC固定上限的货币政策形成共识，并有一个受比特币启发的有限排放时间表，称为5M20；每5M个区块的奖励减少20%。ETCG投资基金2017年3月1日Grayscale推出第一个非比特币加密基金，使传统投资者能够将ETC加入他们的投资组合，并享有传统投资资产的所有税收优惠。英联邦团队2017年7月22日在Ethereum Commonwealth的名义下形成一个开发团队。螳臂当车启动2017年8月8日这个测试版客户端Mantis的发布将在今天进行，它是Grothendieck团队(IOHK致力于以太坊经典的开发者)七个月的工作成果。ETC合作团队2017年9月1日Grayscale通过赞助ETC合作团队的部分ETCG管理费，表示对Ethereum Classic协议发展的长期支持。对非营利组织的捐款是可以减税的。2017年ETC峰会2017年11月12日第一届Ethereum Classic年会在香港举行。哥特姆升级5,000,0002017年12月11日Gotham升级建立了一个可预测的货币政策和排放时间表，灵感来自比特币。5M20，每5M个区块的奖励将减少20%。5M20时代25,000,0012017年12月11日以太坊经典的5M20排放时间表进入第二纪元。区块奖励减少20%，为每个区块4个ETC。多重盖斯发射2018年4月8日Multi-Geth客户端项目启动了。这是一个从Ethereum Foundation的版本分叉出来的go-ethereum客户端，旨在密切关注上游的变化，并支持多个Ethereum网络。我们刚刚添加了对Ethereum Classic网络的alpha支持。拆除难度较大的炸弹5,900,0002018年5月29日ETC安全地禁用了难度炸弹，将原Ethereum项目切换到PoS。以太坊经典预示着对工作证明作为网络共识机制的长期承诺。ETC实验室团队2018年6月1日Ethereum Classic Labs为新兴的ETC项目提供资金、行业联系和办公场所；在旧金山和新加坡设有办公场所。Kotti Testnet推出2018年9月8日ETC合作组织为Kotti测试网的开发提供资金，这是一个权威证明测试网，旨在提供与姐妹链ETH的Görli测试网的互操作性测试。PoA成为dapp开发测试的首选测试网环境。2018年ETC峰会2018年9月12日第二届Ethereum Classic大会在韩国首尔举行。Coinbase列入ETC名单2018年10月1日美国最大的加密货币交易所发出长期支持原始以太坊链的信号；以太坊经典。孵化器项目启动2018年10月25日以太坊经典实验室推出了一个孵化器计划。ETC实验室承诺每年与多达24家基于Ethereum Classic的初创公司合作。51% 攻击2019年1月8日以太坊经典经历了对其网络的第一次成功的链式重组攻击。顽强的ETC从灰烬中崛起。白帽攻击者2019年1月13日51%的攻击者似乎是一个白帽黑客，并将偷来的资金返回到被破坏的交易所。集中式交易所全面加强了对工作证明币的51%攻击监控。亚特兰蒂斯的粗略共识2019年6月20日以太坊核心开发人员就ECIP-1054达成粗略共识，努力实现ETH的Spurious Dragon和Byzantium网络协议升级。亚特兰蒂斯升级8,772,0002019年9月12日以太坊经典的核心开发人员实施了ETH的Spurious Dragon和Byzantium网络协议的升级，以保持与其姐妹链的操作平价。2019年ETC峰会2019年10月3日第三届Ethereum Classic大会在加拿大温哥华举行。魔都发射2019年10月4日核心开发人员通过用Mordor取代Kensington、Morden和Nazgul测试网络来消除测试网的冗余，Mordor是一个用于协议级测试的Ethash PoW测试网。Besu支持Ethereum Classic2019年11月12日Hyperledger Besu为他们的以太坊客户端增加了对以太坊经典的支持，旨在为公共和私人许可网络的使用情况提供企业友好型。阿兹兰的粗略共识2019年12月5日以太坊经典的核心开发人员就ECIP-1061达成粗略共识，努力实现ETH的伊斯坦布尔网络协议升级。Agharta的粗略共识2019年12月12日以太坊经典的核心开发人员就ECIP-1056达成粗略共识，努力实现ETH的君士坦丁堡和彼得堡网络协议的升级。Agharta升级9,573,0002020年1月11日以太坊经典的核心开发人员实施了ETH的君士坦丁堡和彼得堡网络协议的升级，以保持与姐妹链的运营平等。Core-Geth发射2020年2月3日ETC核心团队从Multi-Geth客户端项目中分叉出来。该项目被命名为Core-Geth，是一个以太坊/go-ethereum的下游努力，使以太坊协议可以为不同的生态系统所使用并可扩展。凤凰城修缮的粗略共识2020年2月5日在Aztlán测试网实施过程中，Ethereum Classic核心开发人员发现了ECIP 1061规格的复杂问题，以增加ETH的伊斯坦布尔网络协议升级。正如预期的那样，ETC测试网抓住了这些问题，核心开发者为这些问题制定了规范补丁。ECIP 1050状态代码2020年2月12日ECIP 1050状态代码进入最终状态。该标准概述了一套与HTTP状态相同的通用状态代码。这提供了一套共享的信号，使智能合约能够自主地对情况做出反应，向用户展示本地化的错误信息，等等。测试网捕捉虫子2020年2月20日在Aztlán testnet实施过程中，Ethereum Classic核心开发人员发现了ECIP 1061和1078规范的复杂性，以增加ETH的伊斯坦布尔网络协议升级。ETC核心的Meowbits记录了这些发现。正如预期的那样，ETC测试网抓住了这些问题，核心开发人员又回到了绘图板。阿兹兰被拒绝2020年2月26日基于Aztlán测试网实施过程中发现的问题，Phoenix Fix被发现不是一个足够的修复，而且两个测试网都被破坏；由于安全和稳定性问题，核心开发者建议拒绝ecips-1061、1078、1086，并继续从头开始编写新的提案。凤凰城的粗略共识2020年2月20日以太坊经典核心开发人员就ECIP-1088达成粗略共识，努力实现ETH的伊斯坦布尔网络协议升级。测试网的实施揭示了先前在规格ECIP-1061和ECIP-1078中尝试的问题。凤凰网魔都测试2020年3月9日凤凰城的测试开始于魔都PoW测试网的区块999,983。核心开发团队已经发出信号，这是一个复杂的实现。测试可能会发现一些问题，推迟这次网络升级，但Ethereum Classic绝不会急于升级主网。网络安全是优先于开发速度和任意时间表的。5M20时代310,000,0012020年3月17日根据受比特币启发的5M20排放时间表，Ethereum Classic的区块奖励减少了20%，为每个区块3.2ETC。凤凰城科蒂测试2020年4月15日Kotti PoA测试网的2,200,013区块开始进行凤凰测试。核心开发团队已经发出信号，这是一个复杂的实现。测试可能会发现一些问题，推迟这个网络的升级，但Ethereum Classic绝不会急于升级主网。凤凰城升级10,500,8392020年6月1日以太坊经典的核心开发人员实施了ETH的伊斯坦布尔网络协议升级，以保持与姐妹链的运营平等。客户端降级攻击2020年7月20日在DAO救助硬分叉4周年之际，以ETH为中心的客户端维护者策划了一场针对Ethereum Classic的社会攻击。客户端维护者宣布废除对Ethereum Classic的支持，然后执行一个错误的信息营销活动，称ETC网络将失去70%的hashrate以及其他不实信息。51% 攻击 #22020年7月31日以太坊经典版在其网络上经历了第二次成功的链式重组攻击。51% 攻击 #32020年8月6日以太坊经典版经历了对其网络的第三次成功的链式重组攻击。51% 攻击 #42020年8月29日以太坊经典版在其网络上经历了第四次成功的链式重组攻击。M.E.S.S. 客户端功能11,380,0002020年10月10日Core-Geth客户端实现了应用可选的M.E.S.S.功能的标志，作为对Ethereum Classic网络51%攻击的回应。萨诺斯魔都测试2020年10月19日萨诺斯测试在魔都PoW测试网的2,520,000区块开始。萨诺斯升级11,700,0002020年11月28日以太坊经典实现了Thanos升级，以重新校准DAG计算中使用的历时长度。ETChash11,700,0002020年11月28日以太坊经典实现了Thanos升级，将挖矿算法从ETHash调整为ETCHash。螳郎ETC客户端的复兴2020年12月9日输入输出随着Mantis客户端和GUI的复兴，全球信号对Ethereum Classic网络的支持。Geth客户端的错误2021年9月3日2021年8月分裂以太坊基金会主网的Geth漏洞软件错误，分裂了以太坊经典主网。建议大家更新他们的客户端。让我们保持Ethereum Classic经典2021年9月4日一位关注ETC的参与者撰写了一篇长篇反驳文章，反对实施ECIP-1098。撤回IOHK财政部的建议2021年9月20日经过一年多关于ECIP-1098是否与ETC价值相吻合的讨论，ETC Coop和IOHK随后撤回了对网络层面上的财政部提案的支持。万磁王升级13,189,1332021年7月23日以太坊经典的核心开发人员实施了ETH的柏林网络协议升级，以保持与姐妹链的运营平等。神秘主义升级14,525,0002022年2月12日以太坊经典的核心开发人员实施了ETH的伦敦网络协议升级，以保持与姐妹链的运营平等。ETC欢迎新的HashrateThe Ethashrate Flood2022年3月18日以太坊经典承诺支持 ETChash 挖矿算法和当前的挖矿生态系统。这使得以太坊经典网络有能力在 ETH 网络转向股权证明共识后吸收大部分被剥夺权利的 Ethash 矿工。5M20时代415,000,0012022年4月25日根据受比特币启发的 5M20 排放时间表，以太坊经典的区块奖励减少了 20%，降至每个区块 2.56 ETC。ETChash 挖矿哈希率继续转向 ETC，网络达到历史新高。撤销 SHA3 提议2022年5月20日经过三年多的争论，ECIP-1049 因可能出现有争议的硬分叉而被撤回。在合并后的世界中，以太坊经典仍然有能力在 ETChash 的基础上发展壮大。维塔利克-布特林为以太坊经典版背书2022年7月22日以太坊最著名的联合创始人Vitalik Buterin对最初的以太坊网络给予了认可--对于那些重视工作证明链的人，以太坊经典。Antpool2022年7月26日AntPool以1000万美元的投资支持Ethereum Classic生态系统。蚂蚁金服种子基金的目标是支持Ethereum Classic的专业发展生态系统。ETC Hashrate激增2022年8月31日随着即将到来的以太坊合并继续在加密货币领域引起兴奋，以太坊的姐妹产品--以太坊经典(ETC)自2022年6月以来，哈希值增长了83%。推特账户企业捕获2022年9月5日在合并的前几天，Charles Hoskinson公开表示打算 "重新利用 "Ethereum Classic的主要Twitter账户。他的理由是，由于未交付的Mantis客户端的沉没成本和拒绝IOHK的2021年中央财政提案(ECIP-1098)，所以采取了这一行动。ETH向股权证明的转变The Merge2022年9月15日以太坊基金会将最大的EVM网络升级为权益证明共识。这个合并事件使Ethereum Classic成为最大的工作证明EVM网络。Ethereum Classic的网络安全性得到提升，因为它成为所有Ethash衍生挖矿算法的顶点网络。凤凰涅槃了。推特账户重塑品牌2022年10月6日从ETC社区在2021年对IOHK集中式财政的社会排斥中落下帷幕，Charles Hoskinson将Ethereum Classic的主要Twitter账户转移到一个名为Ergo的第三方开源项目。Ergo团队将该账户重新命名为他们自己的项目。Bob Summerwill被送来一个新注册的推特账户，该账户的主推特账号twitter handle为0历史记录和0关注者。一个光明的未来The Future随着生态系统的不断有机发展，独立的开发团队和网络参与者以使Ethereum Classic成为一个独特网络的原则为指导。该网络是真正的去中心化、不可变和不可阻挡的。代码就是法律。继续阅读未来如果您想通过添加或更正本页面的信息来做出贡献，请在 Discord上留言，或在 GitHub上创建一个问题。本页的存在部分归功于以下贡献者。andyrewleelgn21strealcodywburnspyskelldax-classixarviccoProphetDanielIstoraMandiriTheEnthusiasticAsgitr0n1nContents事件年表以太坊推出前沿解冻升级家园升级Slock.it创造了DAODAO众筹开始了安全建议呼吁暂停使用DAO众筹结束发现递归调用的错误没有风险的资金DAO被黑掉了恐慌袭击市场倒计时开始了罗宾汉集团宣布成立DAO大战：软分叉投票软叉子的漏洞硬分叉争论硬分叉规格公布最后一刻的碳票DAO保释的硬分叉新叉子链原有的无叉链任务完成了!Poloniex列出了ETC以赛亚人的断裂以太坊经典的支持者Geth支持Ethereum Classic奇偶性支持Ethereum Classic51% 攻击威胁矿工支持ETCRHG攻击ETC经典之作宣布独立经历过战斗考验，具有很强的适应力DAO资金在ETC上解锁法规就是法律燃气重新定价升级ETC 货币政策格罗申迪克团队死神升级ETCDEV团队货币政策的共识ETCG投资基金英联邦团队螳臂当车启动ETC合作团队2017年ETC峰会哥特姆升级5M20时代2多重盖斯发射拆除难度较大的炸弹ETC实验室团队Kotti Testnet推出2018年ETC峰会Coinbase列入ETC名单孵化器项目启动51% 攻击白帽攻击者亚特兰蒂斯的粗略共识亚特兰蒂斯升级2019年ETC峰会魔都发射Besu支持Ethereum Classic阿兹兰的粗略共识Agharta的粗略共识Agharta升级Core-Geth发射凤凰城修缮的粗略共识ECIP 1050状态代码测试网捕捉虫子阿兹兰被拒绝凤凰城的粗略共识凤凰网魔都测试5M20时代3凤凰城科蒂测试凤凰城升级客户端降级攻击51% 攻击 #251% 攻击 #351% 攻击 #4M.E.S.S. 客户端功能萨诺斯魔都测试萨诺斯升级ETChash螳郎ETC客户端的复兴Geth客户端的错误让我们保持Ethereum Classic经典撤回IOHK财政部的建议万磁王升级神秘主义升级ETC欢迎新的Hashrate5M20时代4撤销 SHA3 提议维塔利克-布特林为以太坊经典版背书AntpoolETC Hashrate激增推特账户企业捕获ETH向股权证明的转变推特账户重塑品牌一个光明的未来中文English中文اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُDeutschEspañolΕλληνικάFrançaisעִבְרִיתहिन्दीHrvatskiItaliano日本語한국어MalayNederlandsPortuguêsрусскийภาษาไทยTürkTiếng Việt粵語添加ETC到MetaMaskETC社区在Discord上很活跃纪元纪元ETC合作论坛ETC合作论坛eth_classic 推特eth_classic 推特ETC_网络推特ETC_网络推特GithubGithubETC实验室GithubETC实验室Github睿迪特(Reddit)公司睿迪特(Reddit)公司本网站由Netlify提供技术支持使用 Crowdin 进行本地化了解常见问题为什么是经典？知识视频播放服务社区网络矿业开发者额外的新闻博客关于RSS订阅网站地图用<3制作的原始以太坊愿景本网站的内容由用户生成，仅供参考。请勿将任何内容理解为对任何产品或服务的认可。以太坊经典中 "没有任何官方的东西"。请务必自行研究，并记住：不要轻信，请核实！

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ethereum.org跳转至主要内容学习用法构建参与研究搜索语言 ZH帮助更新此页面本页面有新版本，但现在只有英文版。请帮助我们翻译最新版本。翻译页面没有错误！此页面未翻译，因此特意以英文显示。不再显示Ethereum欢迎来到以太坊以太坊是由社区驱动的技术，为加密货币以太币（ETH）和成千上万的去中心化应用程序提供动力。探索以太坊开始体验ethereum.org 是你进入以太坊世界的门户。这项技术日新月异，因此指南会有所帮助。如果你想深入了解，我们有以下建议。选择钱包你可以通过钱包连接到以太坊并管理资金。获取以太币ETH 是以太坊的货币 – 你可以在应用程序中使用它。使用去中心化应用程序Dapps 是由以太坊提供支持的应用程序。看看你可以做什么。开始构建如果想在以太坊里开始编写代码，我们有文档与教程可供参考，你亦可在开发者门户中查看更多信息。什么是以太坊？以太坊是数字货币、全球支付和应用程序的技术之家。以太坊社区已经创建了蓬勃发展的数字经济，为创造者在线上获取收入开辟了大胆而创新的途径，且不止于此。它面向所有人开放，无论身处何处，只需互联网即可。什么是以太坊？关于数字货币的更多信息更加公平的金融系统今天，数十亿人无法开设银行帐户，还有一些人的支付帐户被封锁。而以太坊的去中心化金融 (DeFi) 系统永不停息，永无歧视。只需有互联网连接，你就可以在世界任何地方汇款、收款、借款、赚取利息甚至流动资金。探索去中心化金融 (DeFi)资产互联网以太坊并非仅限数字货币。你拥有的任何东西都可以采用非同质化代币 (NFT) 来表现、交易和使用。你可以将艺术品代币化，并在每次重新出售时自动获得使用费。或者，你也可以用所有物的代币来贷款。不断开辟新的可能。关于非同质化代币的更多信息开放式网络今天，我们通过放弃对个人数据的控制权来获得“免费”的互联网服务。以太坊服务则默认开放 - 只需要钱包即可。这些应用不仅免费，易于设置，由你掌控，而且无需个人信息。探索开放式网络关于钱包的更多信息代码示例你自己的银行你可以用自己编写的逻辑来建立银行。自己的货币你可以创建代币，并在应用程序之间转账和使用。JavaScript 以太坊钱包你可以使用现有语言与以太坊及其他应用程序进行交互。开放、无需许可的 DNS你可以将现有的服务重构为去中心化的开放应用程序。全新发展领域以太坊及其应用程序具有透明和开源性质。你可以分叉代码并重新使用已由他人建立的功能。如果不想学习新语言，你可以直接使用 JavaScript 和其他现有语言与开源代码进行交互。开发者门户以太坊现状最新的网络统计数据以太币质押总数当前质押的用来保护网络安全的以太币总量。3126万 30d90d今日交易过去 24 小时内，网络成功处理的交易笔数。123.3万 30d90d去中心化金融中锁定的价值（美元）以太坊数字经济及去中心化金融 (DeFi) 应用程序中的资金量。US$1370亿 30d90d节点以太坊由全球数千计志愿者运行，他们被称为节点。7,144 30d90d加入 ethereum.org 社区加入我们的 Discord 服务器(opens in a new tab)，与近 4 万名成员一起交流。参加我们每月举行的社区电话会议，获取有关 Ethereum.org 发展的令人兴奋的最新消息和重要生态系统新闻。你将有机会提出问题、分享想法和提供反馈——这是你成为蓬勃发展的以太坊社区一员的绝佳机会。☎️ Ethereum.org Community Call - March 20242024年3月28日 16:00(UTC)Join Discord(opens in a new tab)添加到日历(opens in a new tab)即将召开的电话会议2024年3月21日⚙️ ethereum.org Office Hours [S3E1](opens in a new tab)2024年3月27日 QA session - ethereum.org portal(opens in a new tab)之前的电话会议2024年3月13日 QA session - ethereum.org portal(opens in a new tab)2024年2月28日 QA session - ethereum.org portal(opens in a new tab)2024年2月29日☎️ Ethereum.org Community Call - February 2024(opens in a new tab)2023年11月1日 QA session - ethereum.org portal(opens in a new tab)探索 ethereum.org提升你对网络升级的理解以太坊路线图由相互连接的升级组成，旨在使网络更具可扩展性、安全性和可持续性。企业级以太坊查看以太坊如何开启新业务模式，降低你的成本，并使你的业务经得起未来的考验。以太坊社区以太坊由社区驱动。它由来自不同背景和兴趣的人组成。看看如何加入！为 ethereum.org 贡献力量这个网站是开源的，有数百个社区贡献者。你可以对这个网站上的任何内容提出编辑建议，建议出色的新功能，或者帮助我们排除错误。关于贡献力量的更多信息GitHub(opens in a new tab)网站最后更新: 2024年2月16日(opens in a new tab)(opens in a new tab)(opens in a new tab)使用以太坊查找钱包获取以太币Dapps - 去中心化应用二层网络运行节点稳定币质押ETH学习学习中心什么是以太坊？什么是以太币 (ETH)？以太坊钱包Gas fees以太坊安全和预防欺诈措施什么是 Web3？智能合约以太坊能源消耗以太坊路线图以太坊改进提案（Eip）以太坊的历史以太坊白皮书以太坊词汇表以太坊治理区块链桥零知识证明测试中心开发者开始体验相关文档教程通过编码来学习设置本地环境生态系统社区中心以太坊基金会以太坊基金会的博客(opens in a new tab)生态系统支持方案(opens in a new tab)以太坊漏洞悬赏计划生态系统资助计划以太坊品牌资产Devcon(opens in a new tab)企业级应用主网以太坊私密以太坊企业级应用关于ethereum.org关于我们工作机会参与贡献语言支持隐私政策使用条款缓存政策联系我们(opens in a new t

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Ethereum Classic

Keep the original censorship-resistant Ethereum going!

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README.md

Description

This repository houses all the essential assets and documents related to the Ethereum Classic community. The purpose of this repository is to maintain transparency, foster open collaboration, and serve as a central hub for the entire community. The main components of this repository include the Ethereum Classic website, Ethereum Classic Improvement Proposals (ECIPs), and Community Call planning.

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Website

The repository contains all the assets and source code used for the Ethereum Classic website. This includes HTML, CSS, JavaScript files, images, fonts, and other relevant assets.

ECIPs

Ethereum Classic Improvement Proposals (ECIPs) are design documents providing information to the Ethereum Classic community, or describing a new feature for Ethereum Classic or its processes or environment. This section contains all the ECIPs that have been proposed, those under discussion, and those already implemented.

Community Calls

The Community Calls section includes the planning and minutes of all Ethereum Classic Community Calls. These Community Calls are a critical part of the Ethereum Classic decision-making process, where various proposals are discussed, updates are given, and community members have a chance to voice their opinions.

Contribution Guidelines

We welcome all contributions! Before contributing, please read our CONTRIBUTING.md files in the repos. It provides detailed instructions on how to contribute to each part of the repository. Make sure to also check out our CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md to ensure your contributions align with the community values.

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For any queries or discussions, please join us in the community discord! We are excited to see how this repository grows with your contributions!

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Ethereum Classic - Wikipedia

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1Milestones

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1.1Frontier

1.2The DAO bailout

1.2.1Security vulnerabilities disclosed

1.2.2Carbon vote

1.2.3Block 1,920,000

1.3Defuse Difficulty Bomb

1.4Protocol parity

1.5Mining algorithm

2Characteristics

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2.1Ether

2.2Addresses

2.3Monetary policy

2.4Ethereum Classic Improvement Proposal

3Code is law

4Attacks

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4.1The DAO fork replay attacks

4.2RHG sells stolen ETC

4.3Classic Ether Wallet website attack

4.451% double spend attacks

5References

6External links

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Blockchain computing platform

Ethereum ClassicEthereum ClassicOriginal author(s)Vitalik Buterin, Gavin WoodDeveloper(s)Open-source software developmentInitial release30 July 2015; 8 years ago (2015-07-30)Stable releaseSpiral / 4 February 2024; 36 days ago (2024-02-04)Development statusActiveSoftware usedEVM 61 bytecodeFundingOpen Source SoftwareWritten inC++, Go, Python, Rust, ScalaOperating systemCross-platformPlatformx86-64, ARMSizeArchive: 771GB / Snap Sync: 72GB (2023-Oct-03)Available inGlobalTypeOpen Source SoftwareLicenseOpen-source licensesAs ofOctober 2023Average performance13.3 SecondsActive users45,281 Daily TransactionsTotal users100,256,926 AddressesTotal hosts693 NodesWebsiteethereumclassic.org

Ethereum Classic is a blockchain-based distributed computing platform that offers smart contract (scripting) functionality.[1] It is open source and supports a modified version of Nakamoto consensus via transaction-based state transitions executed on a public Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM).

Ethereum Classic maintains the original, unaltered history of the Ethereum network.[2] The Ethereum project's mainnet was initially released via Frontier on 30 July 2015. However, due to a hack of a third-party project, The DAO, the Ethereum Foundation created a new version of the Ethereum mainnet on 20 July 2016 with an irregular state change implemented that erased the DAO theft from the Ethereum blockchain history.[2] The Ethereum Foundation applied their trademark to the new, altered version of the Ethereum blockchain.[2] The older, unaltered version of Ethereum was renamed and continued on as Ethereum Classic.[2]

Ethereum Classic's native Ether token is a cryptocurrency traded on digital currency exchanges under the currency code ETC.[3] Ether is created as a reward to network nodes for a process known as "mining", which validates computations performed on Ethereum Classic's EVM. Implemented on 11 December 2017, the current ETC monetary policy seeks the same goals as bitcoin: being mechanical, algorithmic, and capped. ETC can be exchanged for network transaction fees or other assets, commodities, currencies, products, and services.

Ethereum Classic provides a decentralized Turing-complete virtual machine, the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), which can execute scripts using an international network of public nodes. The virtual machine's instruction set is Turing-complete, in contrast to others like Bitcoin Script. Gas, an internal transaction pricing mechanism, is used to mitigate spam and allocate resources on the network.[4]

Milestones[edit]

Frontier[edit]

Several codenamed prototypes of the Ethereum platform were developed by the Ethereum Foundation, as part of their proof-of-concept series, prior to the official launch of the Frontier network. Ethereum Classic followed this codebase after the DAO incident.

Date

Block

Milestone name

2015-07-30

Frontier

2015-07-30

5M20 Era 1

2015-09-08

200,000

Ice Age

2016-03-15

1,150,000

Homestead

2016-10-24

2,500,000

Gas Reprice

2017-01-13

3,000,000

Die Hard

2017-12-11

5,000,000

Gotham

2017-12-11

5,000,001

5M20 Era 2

2018-05-29

5,900,000

Defuse Difficulty Bomb

2019-09-12

8,772,000

Atlantis

2020-01-11

9,573,000

Agharta

2020-03-17

10,000,001

5M20 Era 3

2020-06-01

10,500,839

Phoenix

2020-11-28

11,700,000

Thanos

2021-07-23

13,189,133

Magneto

2022-02-12

14,525,000

Mystique

2022-04-25

15,000,001

5M20 Era 4

2024-02-04

19,250,000

Spiral

TBD

20,000,001

5M20 Era 5

The DAO bailout[edit]

Main article: The DAO (organization)

On 20 July 2016, as a result of the exploitation of a flaw in The DAO project's smart contract software, and subsequent theft of $50 million worth of Ether,[5] the Ethereum network split into two separate blockchains – the altered history was named Ethereum (ETH) and the unaltered history was named Ethereum Classic (ETC).[2]

The new chain with the altered history was branded as Ethereum (code: ETH) with the BIP-44 Coin Index 60 and EVM Chain ID 1 attributed to it by the trademark-owning Ethereum Foundation. On this new chain, the history of the theft was erased from the Ethereum blockchain.[6]

Some members of the Ethereum community ignored the change and continued to participate on the original Ethereum network. The non-fork chain with an unaltered history continued on as Ethereum Classic (code: ETC) with the BIP-44 Coin Index 61 and EVM Chain ID 61.[2]

Security vulnerabilities disclosed[edit]

On 28 May 2016, a paper was released detailing security vulnerabilities with the DAO that could allow Ether to be stolen.[7] On 9 June 2016, Peter Vessenes publicly disclosed the existence of a critical security vulnerability overlooked in many Solidity contracts, a recursive call bug. On 12 June 2016, Stephan Tual publicly claimed that the DAO funds were safe despite the newly-discovered critical security flaw.

Carbon vote[edit]

On 15 July 2016, a short notice on-chain vote was held on the DAO hard fork.[8] Of the 82,054,716 ETH in existence, only 4,542,416 voted, for a total voter turn out of 5.5% of the total supply on 16 July 2016; 3,964,516 ETH (87%) voted in favor, 1/4 of which came from a single address, and 577,899 ETH (13%) opposed the DAO fork.[8] The expedited process of the carbon vote drew criticism from opponents of the DAO fork. Proponents of the fork were quick to market the vote as an effective consensus mechanism, pushing forward with the DAO fork four days later.[9]

Block 1,920,000[edit]

The first Ethereum Classic block that was not included in the forked Ethereum chain was block number 1,920,000, which was generated by Ethereum Classic miners on 20 July 2016.[8][10]

Defuse Difficulty Bomb[edit]

A mechanism called the "Difficulty Bomb" was designed to push the Ethereum chain from proof-of-work consensus mechanism to proof-of-stake in the future by exponentially increasing the difficulty of mining. This Difficulty Bomb was added to the network on block 200,000 in an upgrade named "Ice Age". While Ethereum Classic participants debated the merits of the Difficulty Bomb, a network upgrade called "Die Hard" at block 3,000,000 delayed the effects of the mechanism. Once the network participants came to consensus on the issue, Ethereum Classic upgraded its network on block 5,900,000 to permanently defuse the Difficulty Bomb. This abandoned a future with proof-of-stake and committed the network to the proof-of-work consensus mechanism.

Protocol parity[edit]

In an attempt to modernize the Ethereum Classic protocol, several protocol upgrades were scheduled to activate features that the Ethereum network already enabled over the past years. Atlantis, activated in September 2019, enabled the Agharta upgrade, which included the outstanding Byzantium changes. Agharta was followed by the incorporation of the Constantinople patches through the January 2020 upgrade. Finally, with the Phoenix upgrade, Ethereum Classic achieved protocol parity with Ethereum, allowing for fully cross-compatible applications between the two networks.

Mining algorithm[edit]

After a series of 51% attacks on the Ethereum Classic network in 2020,[11] a change to the underlying Ethash mining algorithm was considered by the community to prevent being a minority proof-of-work chain in the Ethash mining algorithm where Ethereum is dominating the hashrate. After evaluating various options such as Monero's RandomX or the standardized SHA-3-256, it was eventually decided to double the Ethash epoch duration from 30,000 to 60,000 in order to reduce the DAG size and prevent Ethash miners to easily switch to Ethereum Classic. This modified Ethash is also referred to as ETChash or Thanos upgrade.

Characteristics[edit]

Further information: Cryptocurrency

Ether (ETC)ETC logoDenominationsPluralEther(s)SymbolΞCodeETCNicknameEther Classic, Eth Classic, ClassicPrevious namesEthereum, ETH, EthPrecision18Subunits 10−9Gwei 10−18WeiDevelopmentOriginal author(s)Vitalik Buterin, Gavin WoodWhite paperethereum whitepaperImplementation(s)EVM 61Initial releaseFrontier / 30 July 2015; 8 years ago (2015-07-30)Latest releaseMystique / 12 February 2022; 2 years ago (2022-02-12)Code repositorygithub.com/ethereumclassicDevelopment statusActiveWritten inC++, Go, Python, Rust, ScalaOperating systemCross-platformDeveloper(s)Open-source software developmentSource modelOpen-source modelLicenseOpen-source licensesLedgerLedger start30 July 2015; 8 years ago (2015-07-30)Split height#1,920,000 / 20 July 2016; 7 years ago (2016-07-20)Split fromEthereum (ETH)Split ratio1:1Timestamping schemeProof-of-Work - ETChashHash functionKeccakIssuance scheduleBlock reward reduction of 20% every 5,000,000 blocksBlock rewardETC 2.56 + Uncle reqardsBlock time13.3 secsBlock explorerBlockscoutCirculating supply136,664,275 (2022-09-02)Supply limit210,700,000ValuationExchange rate1 ETC = $32.75 (2022-09-02)WebsiteWebsiteethereumclassic.org

As with other cryptocurrencies, the validity of each ether is provided by a blockchain, which is a continuously growing list of records, called "blocks", which are linked and secured using cryptography.[12][13] By design, the blockchain is inherently resistant to modification of the data. It is an open, distributed ledger that records transactions between two parties efficiently and in a verifiable and permanent way.[14] Unlike Bitcoin, Ethereum Classic operates using accounts and balances in a manner called state transitions. This does not rely upon unspent transaction outputs (UTXOs). The state denotes the current balances of all accounts and extra data. The state is not stored on the blockchain, it is stored in a separate Merkle Patricia tree. A cryptocurrency wallet stores the public and private "keys" or "addresses" which can be used to receive or spend Ether. These can be generated through BIP 39 style mnemonics for a BIP 32 "HD wallet". In the Ethereum tech stack, this is unnecessary as it does not operate in a UTXO scheme. With the private key, it is possible to write in the blockchain, effectively making an ether transaction.

To send Ether to an account, the Keccak-256 hash of the public key of that account is needed. Ether accounts are pseudonymous in that they are not linked to individual persons, but rather to one or more specific addresses.

Ether[edit]

ETC is a fundamental token for operation of Ethereum Classic, which thereby provides a public distributed ledger for transactions. It is used to pay for Gas, a unit of computation used in transactions and other state transitions. Within the context of Ethereum Classic it might be called ether, but it should not be confused with ETH, which is also called ether.

It is listed under the currency code ETC and traded on cryptocurrency exchanges, and the Greek uppercase Xi character (Ξ) is generally used for its currency symbol. It is also used to pay for transaction fees and computational services on the Ethereum Classic network.[15]

Addresses[edit]

Ethereum Classic addresses are composed of the prefix "0x", a common identifier for hexadecimal, concatenated with the rightmost 20 bytes of the Keccak-256 hash (big endian) of the ECDSA public key (the curve used is the so-called secp256k1, the same as bitcoin). In hexadecimal, two digits represent a byte, meaning addresses contain 40 hexadecimal digits. An example of an Ethereum Classic address is 0xb794f5ea0ba39494ce839613fffba74279579268. Contract addresses are in the same format, however, they are determined by sender and creation transaction nonce.[16] User accounts are indistinguishable from contract accounts given only an address for each and no blockchain data. Any valid Keccak-256 hash put into the described format is valid, even if it does not correspond to an account with a private key or a contract. This is unlike bitcoin, which uses base58check to ensure that addresses are properly typed.

Monetary policy[edit]

On 11 December 2017, the total supply of Ether on Ethereum Classic was hard capped at ETC 210,700,000 via the Gotham hard fork upgrade. This added a bitcoin-inspired deflationary emission schedule that is documented in Ethereum Classic Improvement Proposal (ECIP) 1017. The emission schedule, also known as "5M20", reduces the block reward by 20% every 5,000,000 blocks. Socially, this block reward reduction event has taken the moniker of "the fifthening."

ETA Date

Date

5M20 era

Block

Block reward

Total era emission

Total emission

30 July 2015

Era 1

ETC 5

ETC 25,000,000

December 2017

11 December 2017

Era 2

5,000,001

ETC 4

ETC 20,000,000

ETC 45,000,000

March 2020

17 March 2020

Era 3

10,000,001

ETC 3.2

ETC 16,000,000

ETC 61,000,000

April 2022

25 April 2022

Era 4

15,000,001

ETC 2.56

ETC 12,800,000

ETC 73,000,000

May 2024

Era 5

20,000,001

ETC 2.048

ETC 10,240,000

ETC 83,240,000

~2027

Era 6

25,000,001

ETC 1.6384

ETC 8,192,000

ETC 91,480,000

~2029

Era 7

30,000,001

ETC 1.31072

ETC 6,553,600

ETC 98,033,000

~2031

Era 8

35,000,001

ETC 1.048576

ETC 5,242,880

ETC 103,275,880

Ethereum Classic Improvement Proposal[edit]

The Ethereum Classic Improvement Proposal (ECIP) process enables engineers and computer scientists to propose modifications, upgrades, or fixes. Any software developer who is a GitHub user is allowed to make contributions to the ECIP process.[17] There is a number of ECIP types, each listed in the table below.[18]

ECIP Types

Type

Explanation

Standard Track

Any change that affects most or all Ethereum Classic implementations

Core

Improvements requiring a consensus fork

Networking

Improvements to networking protocol specifications

Interface

improvements around client API/RPC specifications and standards and certain language-level standards

ECBP

Application-level standards and conventions, including contract standards